Discover how Neem oil, extracted by traditional methods, is revolutionising health and beauty in the Garoua community
The Sacred Tree that Unites Tradition and Modernity
Native to India, the Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) has been revered for its healing properties for thousands of years, so much so that it has been nicknamed 'the village pharmacy'. Today, this extraordinary plant has found another home in Garoua, Cameroon, where local women have made a speciality of it, turning the seeds into a versatile oil used in medicine, cosmetics and agriculture. In this article, we explore the secrets of traditional extraction, innovative uses and the social role of this product in the community.
Renowned for its efficacy in the treatment of certain diseases and its use in the composition of antiseptic products, neem oil is appreciated by many people in Garoua. Women have made it a speciality.
Native to India, neem, nicknamed the 'tree of a thousand virtues is a natural product whose properties differ in its use. Its fruits harvested in the dry season are used to produce vegetable oil.
In the city of Garoua, neem oil is recognised and appreciated by many for its many health benefits. It is also used in the composition of cream lotions, shampoos, lice and mosquitoes. "For example, it treats stomach pains in children. It also heals wounds and even fights ringworm. Neem oil treats scabies, itchiness and makes the skin smooth', says Hamadou, a healer. says Hamadou, a traditional healer.
Because of its strong odour, the consumption of neem oil is not trivial. Hence the need to observe the dosage and, if necessary, dilute it in another oil: 'We can take a spoonful of neem oil on an empty stomach in the morning and before bedtime to treat stomach pains,' Hamadou says again.
1. Neem Oil Extraction: An Art Handed Down by the Women of Garoua
The Traditional Method of Marthe Pabamé
Marthe Pabamé, a housewife from Garoua, shares her centuries-old technique:
- Seed selection and preparation: Neem fruits, harvested in the dry season, are shelled and sieved to remove impurities.
- Drying: The seeds are exposed to the sun to reduce moisture, a crucial step in ensuring good storage.
- Pressing: Using a traditional grinding machine, the seeds are crushed. The resulting paste is mixed with lukewarm water to facilitate the separation of the oil, which comes out after careful manual kneading.
Why does it cost 8000 francs per litre?
The process requires time, skill and a large quantity of seeds: to produce 1 litre of oil, about 50 kg of fruit are needed 1. Marthe points out that local demand is growing, thanks to awareness of the product's benefits.
Comparison with Industrial Methods
While cold pressing is preferred on an industrial level to preserve the active ingredients, an artisanal approach is kept alive in Garoua that valorises local knowledge.
2. Health Benefits: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Science
Community Approved Therapeutic Uses
Hamadou, a traditional healer from Garoua, explains:
- Digestive problems: A tablespoon of oil on an empty stomach relieves stomach pains, thanks to its anti-inflammatory and anti-parasitic properties.
- Wound careApplied topically, it accelerates healing and prevents infection by exploiting its antibacterial action.
- Skin diseasesTreats ringworm, scabies and psoriasis, reducing itching and scaling.
Scientific Support
Studies confirm that Neem oil contains azadirachtin, a compound with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, and fatty acids such as oleic and linoleic, which moisturise the skin. In addition, its effectiveness against fungi and bacteria makes it a natural remedy for skin infections.
3. Neem Oil in Cosmetics: Natural Beauty in Garoua
From Hair to Skin: An Elixir of Youth
The women of Garoua incorporate Neem oil into homemade beauty products:
- Anti-dandruff shampooAdded to shampoo, it fights dandruff and strengthens hair.
- Moisturising lotionsBlended with shea butter, it prevents wrinkles and treats acne.
- Antiseptic soapsUsed in saponification, it creates soaps that purify the skin without drying it out.
Local testimonies
"After using Neem oil, my hair is shinier and my scalp is no longer itchy," says Amina, a young woman from Garoua.
4. Agriculture and the Environment: A Sustainable Ally
Crop Protection Without Chemicals
In Garoua, farmers use Neem oil as:
- Natural insecticideDiluted in water, it protects plants from aphids and pests without harming beneficial insects such as bees.
- Fungicide: Prevents diseases such as powdery mildew, improving crop yields.
Environmental Impact
Unlike synthetic pesticides, Neem oil is biodegradable and does not pollute the soil, promoting sustainable agriculture.
5. Precautions and Recommendations for Use
How to Avoid Side Effects
- Dilution: Pure oil can irritate the skin: it is recommended to mix it with carrier oils (e.g. coconut or almonds) in a ratio of 1:10.
- Internal use: Although Hamadou recommends it for digestive disorders, ingestion must be approved by a doctor, as excessive doses may cause nausea or liver damage.
- Skin test: Before topical use, apply a drop on the wrist to check for allergic reactions.
6. Neem Oil and the Local Economy: The Role of Women
An Income Opportunity
The artisanal production of Neem oil is becoming a source of livelihood for many women in Garoua. Besides selling it locally, some export the product to neighbouring towns, promoting a circular economy based on natural resources.
Future Perspectives
Non-profit organisations are training women in marketing techniques and organic certification, to expand the market and ensure quality.
Between Tradition and Innovation
For Garoua, Neem oil represents a bridge between the past and the future. Thanks to its versatile properties and the commitment of local women, this 'green gold' not only improves health and beauty, but also supports a sustainable development model. Whether for healing a wound, protecting crops or polishing hair, Neem remains a symbol of resilience and natural wisdom.
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