{"id":13353,"date":"2022-03-11T19:58:58","date_gmt":"2022-03-11T18:58:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/cose-un-ecosistema-per-linnovazione-e-limprenditorialita\/"},"modified":"2022-10-22T11:07:10","modified_gmt":"2022-10-22T09:07:10","slug":"choses-un-ecosysteme-pour-linnovation-et-lentreprenariat","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/choses-un-ecosysteme-pour-linnovation-et-lentreprenariat\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu'est-ce qu'un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me pour l'innovation et l'esprit d'entreprise ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduzion\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les nouvelles entreprises sont des g\u00e9n\u00e9rateurs essentiels d'innovation et de croissance \u00e9conomique. Mais qu'est-ce qui favorise l'\u00e9mergence et la croissance de ces entreprises ? Il est certainement vrai que l'esprit d'entreprise ax\u00e9 sur la croissance et l'innovation est influenc\u00e9 par les conditions nationales, mais les moteurs vont bien au-del\u00e0.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Index<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table des mati\u00e8res\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #1e73be;color:#1e73be\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #1e73be;color:#1e73be\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/choses-un-ecosysteme-pour-linnovation-et-lentreprenariat\/#Introduzion\" >Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/choses-un-ecosysteme-pour-linnovation-et-lentreprenariat\/#Les_etapes_de_levolution_de_lecosysteme_dinnovation\" >Les \u00e9tapes de l'\u00e9volution de l'\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me d'innovation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/choses-un-ecosysteme-pour-linnovation-et-lentreprenariat\/#Levaluation_des_ecosystemes_dinnovation\" >L'\u00e9valuation des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes d'innovation<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>D\u00e9finition de l'\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour d\u00e9finir l'\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me d'innovation, il est n\u00e9cessaire de partir de trois composantes et de les combiner pour bien comprendre sa signification : l'innovation, le syst\u00e8me et l'\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le concept d'innovation a une longue histoire conceptuelle avec de nombreuses connotations et d\u00e9notations fluides, mais il peut \u00eatre r\u00e9sum\u00e9 comme le r\u00e9sultat d'un processus qui conduit \u00e0 un degr\u00e9 de nouveaut\u00e9 d\u00fb \u00e0 un changement et \u00e0 un degr\u00e9 d'utilit\u00e9 ou de succ\u00e8s dans l'application de quelque chose de nouveau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le concept d'\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me trouve son origine dans le domaine de l'\u00e9cologie et se d\u00e9finit comme une communaut\u00e9 dynamique en cod\u00e9volution compos\u00e9e de diff\u00e9rents acteurs qui cr\u00e9ent et capturent une nouvelle valeur gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des m\u00e9canismes d'interaction contraignants et collaboratifs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il s'ensuit que l'\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me d'innovation est l'ensemble \u00e9volutif d'acteurs (entreprises, organisations priv\u00e9es, entit\u00e9s gouvernementales), d'activit\u00e9s et d'artefacts (produits\/services\/technologies), d'institutions (politiques, r\u00e9glementations) et de leurs relations, qui se combinent pour r\u00e9aliser une proposition de valeur globale pour l'ensemble de l'\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me (Adner, 2017). Selon cette logique, les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes permettent de cr\u00e9er une valeur qu'aucune entreprise ne pourrait cr\u00e9er seule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Principes de base<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L'adoption d'une approche \u00e9cosyst\u00e9mique de l'innovation reconna\u00eet donc que :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me d'innovation est compos\u00e9 de diff\u00e9rents acteurs, de relations (non causales) et de ressources capables de transformer une id\u00e9e innovante en un impact transformateur \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L'efficacit\u00e9 de chaque partie de l'\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me est influenc\u00e9e par les autres parties (par exemple, les entrepreneurs d\u00e9pendent de leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 acc\u00e9der au financement).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Un changement dans une partie de l'\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me entra\u00eene un changement dans d'autres parties de l'\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me, cr\u00e9ant ainsi de fortes interd\u00e9pendances entre les parties (par exemple, une connectivit\u00e9 Internet accrue acc\u00e9l\u00e9rera la conception et l'essai de nouvelles technologies).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/ecosistema-innovazione.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13136\" width=\"1031\" height=\"820\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/ecosistema-innovazione.jpeg 688w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/ecosistema-innovazione-300x239.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1031px) 100vw, 1031px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Les_etapes_de_levolution_de_lecosysteme_dinnovation\"><\/span>Les \u00e9tapes de l'\u00e9volution de l'\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me d'innovation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de l'innovation et de l'esprit d'entreprise peuvent \u00eatre repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s par un cycle de vie compos\u00e9 de quatre phases, chacune \u00e9tant identifiable par un ensemble diff\u00e9rent de caract\u00e9ristiques, de d\u00e9fis et d'objectifs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La premi\u00e8re phase d'activation se caract\u00e9rise par une exp\u00e9rience de d\u00e9marrage limit\u00e9e en termes de connaissances des entrepreneurs, d'investisseurs exp\u00e9riment\u00e9s, de conseillers et de mentors et de comportement de la communaut\u00e9 capable de soutenir le succ\u00e8s des jeunes entreprises. L'objectif de cette phase doit donc \u00eatre la d\u00e9finition de programmes cibl\u00e9s visant \u00e0 renforcer l'esprit d'entreprise, \u00e0 favoriser un sentiment de communaut\u00e9 locale pour cr\u00e9er des liens entre les acteurs et \u00e0 \u00e9tendre la contribution des formes de financement d\u00e9di\u00e9es pour fournir des capitaux aux entreprises embryonnaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans la phase de mondialisation, il y a plus d'exp\u00e9rience dans le lancement d'entreprises et une s\u00e9rie de d\u00e9clencheurs (exp\u00e9riences entrepreneuriales qui agissent comme des d\u00e9clencheurs) se sont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s avec une large r\u00e9sonance qui conduit \u00e0 l'attraction des ressources nationales (entrepreneurs, talents, investisseurs) d'autres \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes qui passent par la phase pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, mais qui se tournent vers les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes mondiaux. Il est donc n\u00e9cessaire de se concentrer sur l'augmentation de la connexion avec les fondateurs des meilleurs \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes, qui est le facteur de succ\u00e8s qui d\u00e9finit le potentiel d'extensibilit\u00e9 d'un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me, et sur le soutien (financier) des start-ups qui sont capables d'augmenter leur pr\u00e9sence initiale sur le march\u00e9 mondial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans la phase d'attraction, le nombre d'exemples de r\u00e9ussite augmente \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle mondiale, formant dans certains cas des licornes avec des sorties de plus d'un milliard de dollars, ce qui produit une attraction mondiale pour des ressources suppl\u00e9mentaires. \u00c0 ce stade, il est n\u00e9cessaire de tirer parti de ces ressources pour \u00e9largir consid\u00e9rablement la taille de l'\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me, combler les lacunes restantes et orienter l'attraction par des programmes politiques bien con\u00e7us.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Au stade final de l'int\u00e9gration, l'\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me devient autonome gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une forte connexion mondiale et \u00e0 un flux de connaissances au sein de l'\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me qui permet \u00e0 ses entreprises de rester int\u00e9gr\u00e9es dans le tissu mondial et de produire les mod\u00e8les d'entreprise pointus et les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour atteindre un niveau mondial \u00e9lev\u00e9. Afin d'int\u00e9grer de mani\u00e8re stable et durable l'\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me dans les flux mondiaux, nationaux et locaux de ressources et de connaissances, il est n\u00e9cessaire d'optimiser les lois politiques afin de soutenir la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 et la croissance de l'\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me et de diffuser ses b\u00e9n\u00e9fices (culture, source de comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9, capital, innovation) \u00e0 d'autres secteurs de l'\u00e9conomie et \u00e0 d'autres parties de la nation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Levaluation_des_ecosystemes_dinnovation\"><\/span>L'\u00e9valuation des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes d'innovation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Comme l'a soulign\u00e9 Michael Porter \u00e0 propos des secteurs traditionnels, la taille d'un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me a une influence majeure sur ses performances. Cela est d\u00fb \u00e0 une s\u00e9rie d'effets de r\u00e9seau tels que l'impact \u00e9conomique de chaque entreprise innovante suppl\u00e9mentaire au sein de l'\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me augmente avec la taille de l'\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Il en va de m\u00eame pour l'\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me de l'innovation, comme le montrent les recherches men\u00e9es par Startup Genome1<\/strong>. Selon cette \u00e9tude, dans un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me de 1 000 startups, chaque startup ajoute en moyenne 5,1 millions de dollars de valeur \u00e9conomique, dans un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me de 2 000 startups, chaque startup ajoute 6,9 millions de dollars, dans un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me de 3 000 startups, la valeur de chacune augmente \u00e0 10,6 millions de dollars, et ainsi de suite. En utilisant une r\u00e8gle empirique sommaire, on peut dire que des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes 3 fois plus grands produisent 5 fois plus de valeur \u00e9conomique, ce qui \u00e9quivaut \u00e0 une croissance exponentielle par un facteur de 1,7. De m\u00eame<strong>un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me qui perd la moiti\u00e9 de ses entreprises pourrait perdre plus de la moiti\u00e9 de la valeur \u00e9conomique pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment cr\u00e9\u00e9e.<\/strong> \u00c0 partir de cette simple analyse, on peut comprendre l'importance de cr\u00e9er et de maintenir des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes d'innovation viables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1 Startup Genome est le premier conseiller mondial en mati\u00e8re de recherche et de politique aupr\u00e8s d'organismes publics et priv\u00e9s d\u00e9sireux d'acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le succ\u00e8s de leur \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me de startups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/valutazione-del-escosistema.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13134\" width=\"1170\" height=\"888\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/valutazione-del-escosistema.jpeg 700w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/valutazione-del-escosistema-300x228.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, 1170px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction Les nouvelles entreprises sont des moteurs essentiels de l'innovation et de la croissance \u00e9conomique. Mais qu'est-ce qui favorise l'\u00e9mergence et la croissance de ces entreprises ? Il est certainement vrai que l'esprit d'entreprise ax\u00e9 sur la croissance et l'innovation est influenc\u00e9 par les conditions nationales, mais les moteurs ... <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"Qu&#039;est-ce qu&#039;un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me pour l&#039;innovation et l&#039;esprit d&#039;entreprise ?\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/choses-un-ecosysteme-pour-linnovation-et-lentreprenariat\/#more-13353\" aria-label=\"Plus sur Qu&#039;est-ce qu&#039;un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me pour l&#039;innovation et l&#039;esprit d&#039;entreprise ?\">Lire plus<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"iawp_total_views":5,"footnotes":""},"acf":[],"rankMath":{"parentDomain":"aedic.eu","noFollowDomains":[],"noFollowExcludeDomains":[],"noFollowExternalLinks":true,"featuredImageNotice":"L\u2019image en vedette devrait \u00eatre 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