{"id":11712,"date":"2022-03-09T21:51:56","date_gmt":"2022-03-09T20:51:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/?page_id=11712"},"modified":"2022-10-22T11:01:19","modified_gmt":"2022-10-22T09:01:19","slug":"analisi-dei-bisogni-dei-clienti","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/analyse-des-besoins-des-clients\/","title":{"rendered":"Analyse des besoins des clients"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduzione\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L'une des \u00e9tapes fondamentales de la mise en \u0153uvre d'une initiative entrepreneuriale consiste \u00e0 \u00eatre en mesure d'identifier les&nbsp;<strong>besoins<\/strong>&nbsp;des clients et les mettre en relation avec les&nbsp;<strong>valeur<\/strong>&nbsp;que l'entreprise peut offrir pour les satisfaire au mieux. L'approche propos\u00e9e par le \"Design Thinking\" est un outil utile \u00e0 cette fin.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Index<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table des mati\u00e8res\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #1e73be;color:#1e73be\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #1e73be;color:#1e73be\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/analyse-des-besoins-des-clients\/#Introduzione\" >Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/analyse-des-besoins-des-clients\/#_Definizione_di_Design_Thinking\" >&nbsp;D\u00e9finition de la pens\u00e9e design<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/analyse-des-besoins-des-clients\/#Fondamenti_del_Design_Thinking\" >Principes fondamentaux de la r\u00e9flexion sur la conception<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/analyse-des-besoins-des-clients\/#Il_modello_D-School_di_Stanford\" >Le mod\u00e8le D-School de Stanford<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/analyse-des-besoins-des-clients\/#Altri_modelli\" >Autres mod\u00e8les<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_Definizione_di_Design_Thinking\"><\/span>&nbsp;D\u00e9finition de la pens\u00e9e design<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le terme&nbsp;<strong>Penser la conception<\/strong>&nbsp;a \u00e9t\u00e9 invent\u00e9 par le designer Rolf Faste dans les ann\u00e9es 1980, mais son utilisation \u00e0 des fins de gestion est due \u00e0 son coll\u00e8gue David M. Kelley, dans les ann\u00e9es 2000 \u00e0 Stanford.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le DT est un processus de cr\u00e9ation d'innovations ax\u00e9 sur la&nbsp;<strong>compr\u00e9hension approfondie<\/strong>&nbsp;des besoins des personnes, en s'appuyant sur des approches et des m\u00e9thodologies propres \u00e0 la conception. Pourquoi le design ? Parce que le designer adopte un processus cr\u00e9atif qui part d'un probl\u00e8me dont la solution est inconnue et aboutit au d\u00e9veloppement d'une id\u00e9e cr\u00e9ative et originale qui r\u00e9pond parfaitement au besoin identifi\u00e9.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fondamenti_del_Design_Thinking\"><\/span>Principes fondamentaux de la r\u00e9flexion sur la conception<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La perspective sur laquelle elle repose est l'inversion du triangle classique dont le sommet est le <a href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/appels-doffres\/litalia-represented-at-yaounde-business-and-partnership-fair-promote\/\" >et l'entreprise<\/a> de l'homme et de la technologie. Dans cette logique, l'objectif <a href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/invest-in-africa\/les-acteurs-soutenant-linnovation-au-cycle-de-vie-des-entreprises\/\" >de l'entreprise r\u00e9side dans l'utilisation de l'innovation<\/a> cr\u00e9er de la valeur commerciale pour les parties prenantes gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des produits qui r\u00e9pondent aux besoins des personnes par l'utilisation de la technologie. Au lieu de cela, DT place les personnes au sommet de la hi\u00e9rarchie. Cette&nbsp;<strong>renversement<\/strong>&nbsp;permet de partir des probl\u00e8mes des gens pour cr\u00e9er de la valeur pour les utilisateurs finaux gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des produits\/services qui les satisfont. L'entreprise est donc la cons\u00e9quence naturelle de ce processus centr\u00e9 sur les personnes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"704\" height=\"464\" src=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/design-thinkin.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11724\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/design-thinkin.jpeg 704w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/design-thinkin-300x198.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 704px) 100vw, 704px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>L'objectif du DT est de cr\u00e9er&nbsp;<strong>empathie<\/strong>&nbsp;avec le client, car on con\u00e7oit pour quelqu'un et on le fait avec une m\u00e9thode agile pour identifier une solution innovante qui r\u00e9pond aux trois crit\u00e8res de d\u00e9sirabilit\u00e9 par le march\u00e9, de faisabilit\u00e9 technologique, technique et organisationnelle et de viabilit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"688\" height=\"498\" src=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/design-thinkin1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11723\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/design-thinkin1.jpeg 688w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/design-thinkin1-300x217.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 688px) 100vw, 688px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Il_modello_D-School_di_Stanford\"><\/span>Le mod\u00e8le D-School de Stanford<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le mod\u00e8le analys\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par le Hasso Plattner Institute of Design de Stanford, plus connu sous le nom de d.school. Ce processus comprend cinq \u00e9tapes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La phase initiale&nbsp;<strong>exploratoire<\/strong>&nbsp;(<em>Faire preuve d'empathie<\/em>) pr\u00e9voit d'entrer dans l&nbsp;<strong>empathie&nbsp;<\/strong>avec les destinataires, apprendre \u00e0 conna\u00eetre <a href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/crise-anglophone\/lunion-europeenne-salue-les-efforts-du-gouvernement-camerounais-pour-pallier-la-crise-anglophone-dans-le-pays\/\" >les objectifs des personnes impliqu\u00e9es dans le projet<\/a> et d'obtenir<em>&nbsp;perspicacit\u00e9&nbsp;<\/em>sur leurs besoins. Pour ce faire, il faut&nbsp;<strong>observer<\/strong>&nbsp;les utilisateurs et leur comportement dans le contexte de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence,<strong>&nbsp;interagir&nbsp;<\/strong>avec eux par le biais de r\u00e9unions et d'entretiens et&nbsp;<strong>s'impliquer&nbsp;<\/strong>tester les exp\u00e9riences des utilisateurs. Un outil utile \u00e0 ce stade est l'utilisation d'un&nbsp;<em>Carte de l'empathie<\/em>de synth\u00e9tiser les informations du client et de d\u00e9finir ses souffrances et ses besoins.&nbsp;<strong>d\u00e9finition<\/strong>&nbsp;du probl\u00e8me \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre (<em>D\u00e9finir<\/em>). Cette phase permet de tracer une direction sp\u00e9cifique, qui identifie les&nbsp;<em><strong>vision<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;du projet. Les connaissances acquises au cours de la phase d'exploration servent \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation de&nbsp;<strong>phrases repr\u00e9sentatives<\/strong>&nbsp;capable de synth\u00e9tiser les besoins exprim\u00e9s par l'utilisateur. Un outil utile pour mettre en \u0153uvre cette phase est l'utilisation de&nbsp;<strong>Personnages<\/strong>c'est-\u00e0-dire des personnages fictifs con\u00e7us \u00e0 partir de la synth\u00e8se des comportements observ\u00e9s chez les clients et capables de repr\u00e9senter les motivations, les d\u00e9sirs, les attentes et les besoins de groupes d'utilisateurs plus larges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans la phase de&nbsp;<strong>conception<\/strong>&nbsp;(<em>Id\u00e9e<\/em>) a&nbsp;<strong>grande quantit\u00e9<\/strong>&nbsp;de solutions innovantes au probl\u00e8me d\u00e9fini. Il proc\u00e8de de la mani\u00e8re suivante&nbsp;<strong>it\u00e9ratif<\/strong>&nbsp;qui commence par une premi\u00e8re phase de&nbsp;<strong>divergence<\/strong>&nbsp;(lorsque vous devez cr\u00e9er autant d'id\u00e9es que possible) et une seconde de&nbsp;<strong>convergence<\/strong>&nbsp;(lorsque des choix doivent \u00eatre faits). Les id\u00e9es sont d\u00e9finies, \u00e9valu\u00e9es, am\u00e9lior\u00e9es et, enfin, mises en \u0153uvre.&nbsp;<strong>int\u00e9gr\u00e9<\/strong>&nbsp;dans un concept final riche, d\u00e9taill\u00e9 et repr\u00e9sentatif de multiples perspectives.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans la phase de&nbsp;<strong>mise en \u0153uvre<\/strong>&nbsp;(<em>Prototype et test<\/em>), les meilleures id\u00e9es g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es au cours de la phase pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente sont concr\u00e9tis\u00e9es dans une s\u00e9rie de&nbsp;<strong>prototypes<\/strong>&nbsp;(du grec \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \"premi\u00e8re forme\") qui permettent de transformer les id\u00e9es en produits\/services \"bruts\" tangibles. Ceux-ci sont test\u00e9s pour recevoir&nbsp;<strong>retour d'information<\/strong>&nbsp;et affiner l'id\u00e9e initiale par des it\u00e9rations successives pour d\u00e9velopper le produit\/service final qui r\u00e9pond le mieux aux besoins du march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"924\" height=\"540\" src=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/d-scool-stanford.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11725\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/d-scool-stanford.jpeg 924w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/d-scool-stanford-300x175.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/d-scool-stanford-768x449.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 924px) 100vw, 924px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Altri_modelli\"><\/span>Autres mod\u00e8les<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Il existe diff\u00e9rents mod\u00e8les de \"Design Thinking\" (IDEO toolkit, Stanford D-School, Double Diamond), mais ils sont tous unis par un processus it\u00e9ratif compos\u00e9 de trois macro-\u00e9tapes :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>l'observation, l'\u00e9coute et la recherche conduisant \u00e0 la d\u00e9finition d'un probl\u00e8me ;<\/li><li>o\u00f9 il s'agit de faire prolif\u00e9rer des id\u00e9es diff\u00e9rentes et d'imaginer des solutions alternatives \u00e0 un m\u00eame probl\u00e8me ;<\/li><li>la cr\u00e9ation de \"d\u00e9monstrateurs\" de l'id\u00e9e \u00e0 tester et \u00e0 \u00e9valuer.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction L'une des \u00e9tapes fondamentales de la mise en \u0153uvre d'une initiative entrepreneuriale est de pouvoir identifier les besoins des clients et de les mettre en relation avec la valeur que l'entreprise peut offrir pour les satisfaire au mieux. L'approche propos\u00e9e par le \"Design Thinking\" est un outil utile \u00e0 cette fin.  D\u00e9finition du Design Thinking Le terme Design ... <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"Analyse des besoins des clients\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/analyse-des-besoins-des-clients\/#more-11712\" aria-label=\"Plus sur Analyse des besoins du client\">Lire plus<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11725,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"iawp_total_views":5,"footnotes":""},"acf":[],"rankMath":{"parentDomain":"aedic.eu","noFollowDomains":[],"noFollowExcludeDomains":[],"noFollowExternalLinks":true,"featuredImageNotice":"L\u2019image en vedette devrait \u00eatre au moins 200 par 200 pixels pour \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 par Facebook et d\u2019autres sites de m\u00e9dias 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