{"id":11710,"date":"2022-03-09T21:10:47","date_gmt":"2022-03-09T20:10:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/?page_id=11710"},"modified":"2022-10-22T11:03:06","modified_gmt":"2022-10-22T09:03:06","slug":"cose-il-business-plan","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/choses-le-business-plan\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu'est-ce que le plan d'entreprise ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduzione\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\"<em>Si vous ne connaissez pas le cap \u00e0 suivre, aucun vent ne vous sera favorable<\/em>disait S\u00e9n\u00e8que, le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre philosophe romain (5 av. J.-C. et 65 ap. J.-C.). Pourquoi commencer par S\u00e9n\u00e8que ? Avec ces mots, il ne parlait certainement pas d'entreprise, et encore moins de plan d'entreprise. Mais cette simple phrase capture l'essence m\u00eame du plan d'entreprise. Voyons pourquoi.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Index<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table des mati\u00e8res\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #1e73be;color:#1e73be\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #1e73be;color:#1e73be\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/choses-le-business-plan\/#Introduzione\" >Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/choses-le-business-plan\/#Definizione_di_Business_Plan\" >D\u00e9finition du plan d'entreprise<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/choses-le-business-plan\/#Chi_legge_un_Business_Plan\" >Qui lit un plan d'entreprise ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/choses-le-business-plan\/#Struttura_del_business_plan\" >Structure du plan d'affaires<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/choses-le-business-plan\/#Conclusione\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Definizione_di_Business_Plan\"><\/span>D\u00e9finition du plan d'entreprise<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le plan d'entreprise est le&nbsp;<strong>projet ex\u00e9cutif<\/strong>&nbsp;qui soutient la gestion d'une initiative entrepreneuriale et vise \u00e0 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><em>faire r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir les gens<\/em>&nbsp;sur les \u00e9tapes n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre de l'initiative commerciale ;<\/li><li><em>communiquer<\/em>&nbsp;aux parties prenantes la valeur de l'initiative ;<\/li><li><em>mesure<\/em>&nbsp;\u00e0 l'avance les effets de ces choix et le r\u00e9sultat attendu de l'initiative.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>L'\u00e9laboration d'un plan d'entreprise est une activit\u00e9 complexe, difficile et qui prend du temps. De plus, comme un plan d'entreprise vraiment utile doit \u00eatre un document&nbsp;<strong>dynamique<\/strong>&nbsp;qui est mis \u00e0 jour \u00e0 chaque \u00e9volution du march\u00e9 et \u00e0 chaque nouvelle d\u00e9cision d'entreprise, risque de devenir rapidement obsol\u00e8te. C'est pourquoi le business plan est parfois accueilli avec scepticisme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En effet, suite \u00e0 cet investissement de ressources, les avantages de la r\u00e9daction d'un plan d'affaires sont d\u00e9sormais bien \u00e9tablis. Ceux qui utilisent cet outil en reconnaissent l'utilit\u00e9, notamment parce qu'il \"force\" l'\u00e9laboration d'un plan d'affaires.&nbsp;<strong>une pens\u00e9e disciplin\u00e9e<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le plan d'entreprise repr\u00e9sente donc une&nbsp;<strong>guide strat\u00e9gique<\/strong>&nbsp;et l'objectif qui augmenteront les chances de r\u00e9ussite de la mise en \u0153uvre de l'initiative commerciale.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chi_legge_un_Business_Plan\"><\/span>Qui lit un plan d'entreprise ?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le plan d'affaires peut \u00eatre lu par tous les acteurs possibles&nbsp;<strong>partie prenante<\/strong>c'est-\u00e0-dire les parties prenantes de l'initiative commerciale, qui peuvent \u00eatre divis\u00e9es en deux grandes cat\u00e9gories : externes et internes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les personnes ext\u00e9rieures, c'est-\u00e0-dire celles qui r\u00e9sident au-del\u00e0 des fronti\u00e8res de l'organisation, sont notamment<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>les pr\u00eateurs et les investisseurs professionnels&nbsp;<\/strong>(banques, business angels, capital-risqueurs) si l'objectif est la recherche de capitaux d'emprunt ou de capital-risque ;<\/li><li><strong>les institutions publiques<\/strong>&nbsp;telles que les agences, les r\u00e9gions ou toute unit\u00e9 gouvernementale internationale souhaitant soutenir l'initiative ;<\/li><li><strong>partenaires \u00e9ventuels<\/strong>&nbsp;s'ils ont l'intention de d\u00e9velopper des projets de recherche communs, de conclure des accords pour le d\u00e9veloppement de nouveaux produits ou de s'engager dans des strat\u00e9gies commerciales communes.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais la BP est \u00e9galement un outil utile pour les parties prenantes au sein de l'organisation, car sa mise en \u0153uvre aide l'\u00e9quipe commerciale \u00e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>rassembler des visions diff\u00e9rentes et des&nbsp;<strong>confronter<\/strong>&nbsp;sur de multiples aspects de l'activit\u00e9 des entreprises ;<\/li><li>D\u00e9finir&nbsp;<strong>objectifs communs<\/strong>&nbsp;et un&nbsp;<strong>l'itin\u00e9raire op\u00e9rationnel partag\u00e9 ;<\/strong><\/li><li>faire ressortir les donn\u00e9es et les aspects avant&nbsp;<strong>\u00e9trangers<\/strong>&nbsp;ou n\u00e9glig\u00e9s ;<\/li><li>confronter la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 rendue en&nbsp;<strong>chiffres ;<\/strong><\/li><li>poser des questions sur la&nbsp;<strong>futur.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"508\" height=\"312\" src=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/stakeholders.png\" alt=\"les parties prenantes\" class=\"wp-image-11714\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/stakeholders.png 508w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/stakeholders-300x184.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 508px) 100vw, 508px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Struttura_del_business_plan\"><\/span>Structure du plan d'affaires<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans un plan d'entreprise, on s'attend \u00e0 trouver quelques sections standard qui peuvent \u00eatre ins\u00e9r\u00e9es dans n'importe quel ordre, mais il est important qu'elles soient toutes pr\u00e9sentes et \u00e9clat\u00e9es en temps voulu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans le<strong>r\u00e9sum\u00e9 ex\u00e9cutif<\/strong>&nbsp;se concentrer sur tous les \u00e9l\u00e9ments saillants (faits et chiffres cl\u00e9s) du plan d'entreprise propos\u00e9 afin de&nbsp;<strong>convaincre<\/strong>&nbsp;sur la valeur de l'initiative commerciale.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L'introduction vise \u00e0&nbsp;<strong>d\u00e9finir la sc\u00e8ne<\/strong>&nbsp;et d\u00e9crire les&nbsp;<em>probl\u00e8mes<\/em>&nbsp;actuellement en vigueur pour un march\u00e9 donn\u00e9 et les&nbsp;<em>besoin<\/em><em>o<\/em>&nbsp;\u00e0 satisfaire. Cette phase est particuli\u00e8rement critique car la d\u00e9monstration d'une connaissance approfondie du besoin \u00e0 satisfaire est la base d'une formulation efficace de la proposition de valeur et de la r\u00e9alisation d'un produit\/service cibl\u00e9 pour un type d'utilisateur sp\u00e9cifique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L'analyse sectorielle permet de bien comprendre la dynamique concurrentielle du secteur et d'\u00e9valuer les marges de diff\u00e9renciation effective de l'initiative propos\u00e9e.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L'objectif de l'analyse de march\u00e9 est d'identifier la taille du march\u00e9 cible et d'estimer l'ampleur de la demande.<strong>&nbsp;march\u00e9 potentiel<\/strong>ou la part de march\u00e9 que vous souhaitez atteindre. On peut adopter des m\u00e9thodes&nbsp;<em>de haut en bas<\/em>&nbsp;(en partant de la configuration \u00e9tendue du march\u00e9, j'arrive \u00e0 ma cible) ou&nbsp;<em>ascendant<\/em>&nbsp;(en commen\u00e7ant par des hypoth\u00e8ses de consommation individuelle pour arriver ensuite \u00e0 la valeur globale <a href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/eglise\/padova-wigwam-patronizes-the-5-edition-of-the-festival-of-camerunesi-ditalia\/\" >la consommation de la<\/a> objectif r\u00e9alisable).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e9senter le produit\/service pour l'expliquer de mani\u00e8re op\u00e9rationnelle <a href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/invest-in-africa-fr\/comment-fonctionne-le-marche-de-lunion-africaine-2\/\" >Comment cela fonctionne-t-il ?<\/a> et comment il est prot\u00e9g\u00e9 en termes de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle (brevets, marques, etc.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Identifiez votre mod\u00e8le d'entreprise, qui explique comment l'entreprise a l'intention de&nbsp;<strong>cr\u00e9er de la valeur<\/strong>&nbsp;pour le client, g\u00e9n\u00e9rant ainsi des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices pour l'entreprise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e9senter le plan op\u00e9rationnel, en d\u00e9crivant les processus de mise en \u0153uvre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans toute initiative entrepreneuriale, les personnes sont le&nbsp;<strong>facteur critique par excellence<\/strong>. Il est donc essentiel de pr\u00e9senter les membres de l'\u00e9quipe et leurs fonctions respectives afin de faire ressortir l'ad\u00e9quation entre les comp\u00e9tences et l'exp\u00e9rience de l'\u00e9quipe entrepreneuriale et celles requises par la nature m\u00eame de l'entreprise. Arthur Rock, le premier investisseur en capital-risque, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 : \"[...]<em><strong>J'investis dans les personnes, pas dans les id\u00e9es<\/strong><\/em>\"(J'investis dans les personnes, pas dans les id\u00e9es).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Enfin, une section consacr\u00e9e aux&nbsp;<strong>finances<\/strong>&nbsp;qui fournissent des informations mon\u00e9taires relatives \u00e0 la valeur g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e par l'initiative sur un horizon de 3 \u00e0 5 ans et qui permettent de quantifier les besoins financiers \u00e0 demander aux investisseurs potentiels. L'une des m\u00e9thodes les plus utilis\u00e9es est le&nbsp;<strong>Valeur actuelle nette<\/strong>&nbsp;qui d\u00e9finit la valeur actuelle d'une s\u00e9rie de flux de tr\u00e9sorerie attendus qui, en plus d'\u00eatre additionn\u00e9s, sont actualis\u00e9s sur la base du taux de rendement de l'investissement mon\u00e9taire (appel\u00e9 co\u00fbt d'opportunit\u00e9 du capital).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusione\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\"<em>Un voyage de mille lieues commence par un seul pas<\/em>\"(Lao-tzu, philosophe chinois) et cette premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape est la d\u00e9finition du plan d'entreprise, qui permet \u00e0 son tour de d\u00e9finir les diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9tapes pour atteindre l'objectif.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction \"Si tu ne connais pas le cap \u00e0 suivre, aucun vent ne te sera favorable\", disait S\u00e9n\u00e8que, le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre philosophe romain (5 av. J.-C. - 65 ap. J.-C.). Pourquoi commencer par S\u00e9n\u00e8que ? Avec ces mots, il ne parlait certainement pas d'entreprise, et encore moins de plan d'entreprise. Mais cette simple phrase ... <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"Qu&#039;est-ce que le plan d&#039;entreprise ?\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/choses-le-business-plan\/#more-11710\" aria-label=\"Plus sur Qu&#039;est-ce que le plan d&#039;entreprise ?\">Lire plus<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11714,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"iawp_total_views":5,"footnotes":""},"acf":[],"rankMath":{"parentDomain":"aedic.eu","noFollowDomains":[],"noFollowExcludeDomains":[],"noFollowExternalLinks":true,"featuredImageNotice":"L\u2019image en vedette devrait \u00eatre au moins 200 par 200 pixels pour \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 par Facebook et d\u2019autres sites de m\u00e9dias sociaux.","pluginReviewed":false,"postSettings":{"linkSuggestions":true,"useFocusKeyword":false},"frontEndScore":false,"postName":"cose-il-business-plan","permalinkFormat":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/%pagename%\/","showLockModifiedDate":true,"assessor":{"focusKeywordLink":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-admin\/edit.php?focus_keyword=%focus_keyword%&post_type=%post_type%","hasTOCPlugin":{"easy-table-of-contents\/easy-table-of-contents.php":"Easy Table of Contents"},"primaryTaxonomy":false,"serpData":{"title":"","description":"","focusKeywords":"","pillarContent":false,"canonicalUrl":"","breadcrumbTitle":"","advancedRobots":[],"facebookTitle":"","facebookDescription":"","facebookImage":"","facebookImageID":"","facebookHasOverlay":false,"facebookImageOverlay":"","facebookAuthor":"","twitterCardType":"","twitterUseFacebook":true,"twitterTitle":"","twitterDescription":"","twitterImage":"","twitterImageID":"","twitterHasOverlay":false,"twitterImageOverlay":"","twitterPlayerUrl":"","twitterPlayerSize":"","twitterPlayerStream":"","twitterPlayerStreamCtype":"","twitterAppDescription":"","twitterAppIphoneName":"","twitterAppIphoneID":"","twitterAppIphoneUrl":"","twitterAppIpadName":"","twitterAppIpadID":"","twitterAppIpadUrl":"","twitterAppGoogleplayName":"","twitterAppGoogleplayID":"","twitterAppGoogleplayUrl":"","twitterAppCountry":"","robots":{"index":true},"twitterAuthor":"identifiant","primaryTerm":0,"authorName":"africa","titleTemplate":"%title% %sep% %sitename%","descriptionTemplate":"%excerpt%","showScoreFrontend":true,"lockModifiedDate":false},"powerWords":["absolument","amazement","astonishing","authentique","beau","bien-\u00eatre","brillant","captivant","charismatique","choc","clair","compl\u00e8tement","confidentiel","confiance","cons\u00e9quent","cr\u00e9atif","d\u00e9finitivement","d\u00e9licieux","d\u00e9montrer","d\u00e9p\u00eachez-vous","d\u00e9termin\u00e9","digne","dynamique","\u00e9blouissant","\u00e9clatant","\u00e9conomique","\u00e9fficace","\u00e9l\u00e9gant","\u00e9motionnel","\u00e9nergique","\u00e9norme","\u00e9poustouflant","essentiel","\u00e9tonnant","exclusif","exp\u00e9rience","fabuleux","fantastique","formidable","fort","garanti","g\u00e9ant","g\u00e9n\u00e9reux","grandiose","gratuit","habile","harmonieux","historique","hors pair","important","incroyable","indispensable","inoubliable","inspirant","innovant","intense","invention","irr\u00e9sistible","l\u00e9gendaire","lumineux","luxe","magique","magnifique","majestueux","marquant","merveilleux","miraculeux","motivant","n\u00e9cessaire","nouvelle","officiel","parfait","passionn\u00e9","persuasif","ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nal","plaisir","populaire","pouvoir","prestigieux","prodigieux","profond","prosp\u00e8re","puissant","qualit\u00e9","radieux","rapide","r\u00e9ussi","r\u00e9volutionnaire","satisfait","s\u00e9curit\u00e9","sensationnel","serein","somptueux","splendide","sublime","surprenant","talentueux","terrifiant","unique","valeur","vibrant","victorieux","vif","vraiment","z\u00e9l\u00e9"],"diacritics":{"A":"[\\u0041\\u24B6\\uFF21\\u00C0\\u00C1\\u00C2\\u1EA6\\u1EA4\\u1EAA\\u1EA8\\u00C3\\u0100\\u0102\\u1EB0\\u1EAE\\u1EB4\\u1EB2\\u0226\\u01E0\\u00C4\\u01DE\\u1EA2\\u00C5\\u01FA\\u01CD\\u0200\\u0202\\u1EA0\\u1EAC\\u1EB6\\u1E00\\u0104\\u023A\\u2C6F]","AA":"[\\uA732]","AE":"[\\u00C6\\u01FC\\u01E2]","AO":"[\\uA734]","AU":"[\\uA736]","AV":"[\\uA738\\uA73A]","AY":"[\\uA73C]","B":"[\\u0042\\u24B7\\uFF22\\u1E02\\u1E04\\u1E06\\u0243\\u0182\\u0181]","C":"[\\u0043\\u24B8\\uFF23\\u0106\\u0108\\u010A\\u010C\\u00C7\\u1E08\\u0187\\u023B\\uA73E]","D":"[\\u0044\\u24B9\\uFF24\\u1E0A\\u010E\\u1E0C\\u1E10\\u1E12\\u1E0E\\u0110\\u018B\\u018A\\u0189\\uA779]","DZ":"[\\u01F1\\u01C4]","Dz":"[\\u01F2\\u01C5]","E":"[\\u0045\\u24BA\\uFF25\\u00C8\\u00C9\\u00CA\\u1EC0\\u1EBE\\u1EC4\\u1EC2\\u1EBC\\u0112\\u1E14\\u1E16\\u0114\\u0116\\u00CB\\u1EBA\\u011A\\u0204\\u0206\\u1EB8\\u1EC6\\u0228\\u1E1C\\u0118\\u1E18\\u1E1A\\u0190\\u018E]","F":"[\\u0046\\u24BB\\uFF26\\u1E1E\\u0191\\uA77B]","G":"[\\u0047\\u24BC\\uFF27\\u01F4\\u011C\\u1E20\\u011E\\u0120\\u01E6\\u0122\\u01E4\\u0193\\uA7A0\\uA77D\\uA77E]","H":"[\\u0048\\u24BD\\uFF28\\u0124\\u1E22\\u1E26\\u021E\\u1E24\\u1E28\\u1E2A\\u0126\\u2C67\\u2C75\\uA78D]","I":"[\\u0049\\u24BE\\uFF29\\u00CC\\u00CD\\u00CE\\u0128\\u012A\\u012C\\u0130\\u00CF\\u1E2E\\u1EC8\\u01CF\\u0208\\u020A\\u1ECA\\u012E\\u1E2C\\u0197]","J":"[\\u004A\\u24BF\\uFF2A\\u0134\\u0248]","K":"[\\u004B\\u24C0\\uFF2B\\u1E30\\u01E8\\u1E32\\u0136\\u1E34\\u0198\\u2C69\\uA740\\uA742\\uA744\\uA7A2]","L":"[\\u004C\\u24C1\\uFF2C\\u013F\\u0139\\u013D\\u1E36\\u1E38\\u013B\\u1E3C\\u1E3A\\u0141\\u023D\\u2C62\\u2C60\\uA748\\uA746\\uA780]","LJ":"[\\u01C7]","Lj":"[\\u01C8]","M":"[\\u004D\\u24C2\\uFF2D\\u1E3E\\u1E40\\u1E42\\u2C6E\\u019C]","N":"[\\u004E\\u24C3\\uFF2E\\u01F8\\u0143\\u00D1\\u1E44\\u0147\\u1E46\\u0145\\u1E4A\\u1E48\\u0220\\u019D\\uA790\\uA7A4]","NJ":"[\\u01CA]","Nj":"[\\u01CB]","O":"[\\u004F\\u24C4\\uFF2F\\u00D2\\u00D3\\u00D4\\u1ED2\\u1ED0\\u1ED6\\u1ED4\\u00D5\\u1E4C\\u022C\\u1E4E\\u014C\\u1E50\\u1E52\\u014E\\u022E\\u0230\\u00D6\\u022A\\u1ECE\\u0150\\u01D1\\u020C\\u020E\\u01A0\\u1EDC\\u1EDA\\u1EE0\\u1EDE\\u1EE2\\u1ECC\\u1ED8\\u01EA\\u01EC\\u00D8\\u01FE\\u0186\\u019F\\uA74A\\uA74C]","OI":"[\\u01A2]","OO":"[\\uA74E]","OU":"[\\u0222]","P":"[\\u0050\\u24C5\\uFF30\\u1E54\\u1E56\\u01A4\\u2C63\\uA750\\uA752\\uA754]","Q":"[\\u0051\\u24C6\\uFF31\\uA756\\uA758\\u024A]","R":"[\\u0052\\u24C7\\uFF32\\u0154\\u1E58\\u0158\\u0210\\u0212\\u1E5A\\u1E5C\\u0156\\u1E5E\\u024C\\u2C64\\uA75A\\uA7A6\\uA782]","S":"[\\u0053\\u24C8\\uFF33\\u1E9E\\u015A\\u1E64\\u015C\\u1E60\\u0160\\u1E66\\u1E62\\u1E68\\u0218\\u015E\\u2C7E\\uA7A8\\uA784]","T":"[\\u0054\\u24C9\\uFF34\\u1E6A\\u0164\\u1E6C\\u021A\\u0162\\u1E70\\u1E6E\\u0166\\u01AC\\u01AE\\u023E\\uA786]","TZ":"[\\uA728]","U":"[\\u0055\\u24CA\\uFF35\\u00D9\\u00DA\\u00DB\\u0168\\u1E78\\u016A\\u1E7A\\u016C\\u00DC\\u01DB\\u01D7\\u01D5\\u01D9\\u1EE6\\u016E\\u0170\\u01D3\\u0214\\u0216\\u01AF\\u1EEA\\u1EE8\\u1EEE\\u1EEC\\u1EF0\\u1EE4\\u1E72\\u0172\\u1E76\\u1E74\\u0244]","V":"[\\u0056\\u24CB\\uFF36\\u1E7C\\u1E7E\\u01B2\\uA75E\\u0245]","VY":"[\\uA760]","W":"[\\u0057\\u24CC\\uFF37\\u1E80\\u1E82\\u0174\\u1E86\\u1E84\\u1E88\\u2C72]","X":"[\\u0058\\u24CD\\uFF38\\u1E8A\\u1E8C]","Y":"[\\u0059\\u24CE\\uFF39\\u1EF2\\u00DD\\u0176\\u1EF8\\u0232\\u1E8E\\u0178\\u1EF6\\u1EF4\\u01B3\\u024E\\u1EFE]","Z":"[\\u005A\\u24CF\\uFF3A\\u0179\\u1E90\\u017B\\u017D\\u1E92\\u1E94\\u01B5\\u0224\\u2C7F\\u2C6B\\uA762]","a":"[\\u0061\\u24D0\\uFF41\\u1E9A\\u00E0\\u00E1\\u00E2\\u1EA7\\u1EA5\\u1EAB\\u1EA9\\u00E3\\u0101\\u0103\\u1EB1\\u1EAF\\u1EB5\\u1EB3\\u0227\\u01E1\\u00E4\\u01DF\\u1EA3\\u00E5\\u01FB\\u01CE\\u0201\\u0203\\u1EA1\\u1EAD\\u1EB7\\u1E01\\u0105\\u2C65\\u0250]","aa":"[\\uA733]","ae":"[\\u00E6\\u01FD\\u01E3]","ao":"[\\uA735]","au":"[\\uA737]","av":"[\\uA739\\uA73B]","ay":"[\\uA73D]","b":"[\\u0062\\u24D1\\uFF42\\u1E03\\u1E05\\u1E07\\u0180\\u0183\\u0253]","c":"[\\u0063\\u24D2\\uFF43\\u0107\\u0109\\u010B\\u010D\\u00E7\\u1E09\\u0188\\u023C\\uA73F\\u2184]","d":"[\\u0064\\u24D3\\uFF44\\u1E0B\\u010F\\u1E0D\\u1E11\\u1E13\\u1E0F\\u0111\\u018C\\u0256\\u0257\\uA77A]","dz":"[\\u01F3\\u01C6]","e":"[\\u0065\\u24D4\\uFF45\\u00E8\\u00E9\\u00EA\\u1EC1\\u1EBF\\u1EC5\\u1EC3\\u1EBD\\u0113\\u1E15\\u1E17\\u0115\\u0117\\u00EB\\u1EBB\\u011B\\u0205\\u0207\\u1EB9\\u1EC7\\u0229\\u1E1D\\u0119\\u1E19\\u1E1B\\u0247\\u025B\\u01DD]","f":"[\\u0066\\u24D5\\uFF46\\u1E1F\\u0192\\uA77C]","g":"[\\u0067\\u24D6\\uFF47\\u01F5\\u011D\\u1E21\\u011F\\u0121\\u01E7\\u0123\\u01E5\\u0260\\uA7A1\\u1D79\\uA77F]","h":"[\\u0068\\u24D7\\uFF48\\u0125\\u1E23\\u1E27\\u021F\\u1E25\\u1E29\\u1E2B\\u1E96\\u0127\\u2C68\\u2C76\\u0265]","hv":"[\\u0195]","i":"[\\u0069\\u24D8\\uFF49\\u00EC\\u00ED\\u00EE\\u0129\\u012B\\u012D\\u00EF\\u1E2F\\u1EC9\\u01D0\\u0209\\u020B\\u1ECB\\u012F\\u1E2D\\u0268\\u0131]","j":"[\\u006A\\u24D9\\uFF4A\\u0135\\u01F0\\u0249]","k":"[\\u006B\\u24DA\\uFF4B\\u1E31\\u01E9\\u1E33\\u0137\\u1E35\\u0199\\u2C6A\\uA741\\uA743\\uA745\\uA7A3]","l":"[\\u006C\\u24DB\\uFF4C\\u0140\\u013A\\u013E\\u1E37\\u1E39\\u013C\\u1E3D\\u1E3B\\u017F\\u0142\\u019A\\u026B\\u2C61\\uA749\\uA781\\uA747]","lj":"[\\u01C9]","m":"[\\u006D\\u24DC\\uFF4D\\u1E3F\\u1E41\\u1E43\\u0271\\u026F]","n":"[\\u006E\\u24DD\\uFF4E\\u01F9\\u0144\\u00F1\\u1E45\\u0148\\u1E47\\u0146\\u1E4B\\u1E49\\u019E\\u0272\\u0149\\uA791\\uA7A5]","nj":"[\\u01CC]","o":"[\\u006F\\u24DE\\uFF4F\\u00F2\\u00F3\\u00F4\\u1ED3\\u1ED1\\u1ED7\\u1ED5\\u00F5\\u1E4D\\u022D\\u1E4F\\u014D\\u1E51\\u1E53\\u014F\\u022F\\u0231\\u00F6\\u022B\\u1ECF\\u0151\\u01D2\\u020D\\u020F\\u01A1\\u1EDD\\u1EDB\\u1EE1\\u1EDF\\u1EE3\\u1ECD\\u1ED9\\u01EB\\u01ED\\u00F8\\u01FF\\u0254\\uA74B\\uA74D\\u0275]","oi":"[\\u01A3]","ou":"[\\u0223]","oo":"[\\uA74F]","p":"[\\u0070\\u24DF\\uFF50\\u1E55\\u1E57\\u01A5\\u1D7D\\uA751\\uA753\\uA755]","q":"[\\u0071\\u24E0\\uFF51\\u024B\\uA757\\uA759]","r":"[\\u0072\\u24E1\\uFF52\\u0155\\u1E59\\u0159\\u0211\\u0213\\u1E5B\\u1E5D\\u0157\\u1E5F\\u024D\\u027D\\uA75B\\uA7A7\\uA783]","s":"[\\u0073\\u24E2\\uFF53\\u015B\\u1E65\\u015D\\u1E61\\u0161\\u1E67\\u1E63\\u1E69\\u0219\\u015F\\u023F\\uA7A9\\uA785\\u1E9B]","ss":"[\\u00DF]","t":"[\\u0074\\u24E3\\uFF54\\u1E6B\\u1E97\\u0165\\u1E6D\\u021B\\u0163\\u1E71\\u1E6F\\u0167\\u01AD\\u0288\\u2C66\\uA787]","tz":"[\\uA729]","u":"[\\u0075\\u24E4\\uFF55\\u00F9\\u00FA\\u00FB\\u0169\\u1E79\\u016B\\u1E7B\\u016D\\u00FC\\u01DC\\u01D8\\u01D6\\u01DA\\u1EE7\\u016F\\u0171\\u01D4\\u0215\\u0217\\u01B0\\u1EEB\\u1EE9\\u1EEF\\u1EED\\u1EF1\\u1EE5\\u1E73\\u0173\\u1E77\\u1E75\\u0289]","v":"[\\u0076\\u24E5\\uFF56\\u1E7D\\u1E7F\\u028B\\uA75F\\u028C]","vy":"[\\uA761]","w":"[\\u0077\\u24E6\\uFF57\\u1E81\\u1E83\\u0175\\u1E87\\u1E85\\u1E98\\u1E89\\u2C73]","x":"[\\u0078\\u24E7\\uFF58\\u1E8B\\u1E8D]","y":"[\\u0079\\u24E8\\uFF59\\u1EF3\\u00FD\\u0177\\u1EF9\\u0233\\u1E8F\\u00FF\\u1EF7\\u1E99\\u1EF5\\u01B4\\u024F\\u1EFF]","z":"[\\u007A\\u24E9\\uFF5A\\u017A\\u1E91\\u017C\\u017E\\u1E93\\u1E95\\u01B6\\u0225\\u0240\\u2C6C\\uA763]"},"researchesTests":["contentHasTOC","contentHasShortParagraphs","contentHasAssets","keywordInTitle","keywordInMetaDescription","keywordInPermalink","keywordIn10Percent","keywordInContent","keywordInSubheadings","keywordInImageAlt","keywordDensity","keywordNotUsed","lengthContent","lengthPermalink","linksHasInternal","linksHasExternals","linksNotAllExternals","titleStartWithKeyword","titleSentiment","titleHasPowerWords","titleHasNumber","hasContentAI"],"hasRedirection":true,"hasBreadcrumb":true},"homeUrl":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr","objectID":11710,"objectType":"post","locale":"fr","localeFull":"fr_FR","overlayImages":{"play":{"name":"Ic\u00f4ne de lecture","url":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/plugins\/seo-by-rank-math\/assets\/admin\/img\/icon-play.png","path":"\/home\/u765553103\/domains\/aedic.eu\/public_html\/wp-content\/plugins\/seo-by-rank-math\/assets\/admin\/img\/icon-play.png","position":"middle_center"},"gif":{"name":"Ic\u00f4ne GIF","url":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/plugins\/seo-by-rank-math\/assets\/admin\/img\/icon-gif.png","path":"\/home\/u765553103\/domains\/aedic.eu\/public_html\/wp-content\/plugins\/seo-by-rank-math\/assets\/admin\/img\/icon-gif.png","position":"middle_center"}},"defautOgImage":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/plugins\/seo-by-rank-math\/assets\/admin\/img\/social-placeholder.jpg","customPermalinks":true,"isUserRegistered":true,"autoSuggestKeywords":true,"connectSiteUrl":"https:\/\/rankmath.com\/auth?site=https%3A%2F%2Faedic.eu%2Ffr&r=https%3A%2F%2Faedic.eu%2Ffr%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fpages%2F11710%3Fnonce%3D251376a6d7&pro=1","maxTags":100,"trendsIcon":"<svg viewBox=\"0 0 610 610\"><path d=\"M18.85,446,174.32,290.48l58.08,58.08L76.93,504a14.54,14.54,0,0,1-20.55,0L18.83,466.48a14.54,14.54,0,0,1,0-20.55Z\" style=\"fill:#4285f4\"\/><path d=\"M242.65,242.66,377.59,377.6l-47.75,47.75a14.54,14.54,0,0,1-20.55,0L174.37,290.43l47.75-47.75A14.52,14.52,0,0,1,242.65,242.66Z\" style=\"fill:#ea4335\"\/><polygon points=\"319.53 319.53 479.26 159.8 537.34 217.88 377.61 377.62 319.53 319.53\" style=\"fill:#fabb05\"\/><path d=\"M594.26,262.73V118.61h0a16.94,16.94,0,0,0-16.94-16.94H433.2a16.94,16.94,0,0,0-12,28.92L565.34,274.71h0a16.94,16.94,0,0,0,28.92-12Z\" style=\"fill:#34a853\"\/><rect width=\"610\" height=\"610\" style=\"fill:none\"\/><\/svg>","showScore":true,"siteFavIcon":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/cropped-AEDIC-Consluting-Group-32x32.png","canUser":{"general":false,"advanced":false,"snippet":false,"social":false,"analysis":false,"analytics":false,"content_ai":false},"showKeywordIntent":true,"isPro":true,"is_front_page":false,"trendsUpgradeLink":"https:\/\/rankmath.com\/pricing\/?utm_source=Plugin&utm_medium=CE%20General%20Tab%20Trends&utm_campaign=WP","trendsUpgradeLabel":"Mettre \u00e0 niveau","trendsPreviewImage":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/plugins\/seo-by-rank-math\/assets\/admin\/img\/trends-preview.jpg","currentEditor":false,"homepageData":{"assessor":{"powerWords":["absolument","amazement","astonishing","authentique","beau","bien-\u00eatre","brillant","captivant","charismatique","choc","clair","compl\u00e8tement","confidentiel","confiance","cons\u00e9quent","cr\u00e9atif","d\u00e9finitivement","d\u00e9licieux","d\u00e9montrer","d\u00e9p\u00eachez-vous","d\u00e9termin\u00e9","digne","dynamique","\u00e9blouissant","\u00e9clatant","\u00e9conomique","\u00e9fficace","\u00e9l\u00e9gant","\u00e9motionnel","\u00e9nergique","\u00e9norme","\u00e9poustouflant","essentiel","\u00e9tonnant","exclusif","exp\u00e9rience","fabuleux","fantastique","formidable","fort","garanti","g\u00e9ant","g\u00e9n\u00e9reux","grandiose","gratuit","habile","harmonieux","historique","hors pair","important","incroyable","indispensable","inoubliable","inspirant","innovant","intense","invention","irr\u00e9sistible","l\u00e9gendaire","lumineux","luxe","magique","magnifique","majestueux","marquant","merveilleux","miraculeux","motivant","n\u00e9cessaire","nouvelle","officiel","parfait","passionn\u00e9","persuasif","ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nal","plaisir","populaire","pouvoir","prestigieux","prodigieux","profond","prosp\u00e8re","puissant","qualit\u00e9","radieux","rapide","r\u00e9ussi","r\u00e9volutionnaire","satisfait","s\u00e9curit\u00e9","sensationnel","serein","somptueux","splendide","sublime","surprenant","talentueux","terrifiant","unique","valeur","vibrant","victorieux","vif","vraiment","z\u00e9l\u00e9"],"diacritics":true,"researchesTests":["contentHasTOC","contentHasShortParagraphs","contentHasAssets","keywordInTitle","keywordInMetaDescription","keywordInPermalink","keywordIn10Percent","keywordInContent","keywordInSubheadings","keywordInImageAlt","keywordDensity","keywordNotUsed","lengthContent","lengthPermalink","linksHasInternal","linksHasExternals","linksNotAllExternals","titleStartWithKeyword","titleSentiment","titleHasPowerWords","titleHasNumber","hasContentAI"],"hasBreadcrumb":true,"serpData":{"title":"%sitename% %page% %sep% %sitedesc%","description":"","titleTemplate":"%sitename% %page% %sep% %sitedesc%","descriptionTemplate":"","focusKeywords":"","breadcrumbTitle":"Home","robots":{"index":true},"advancedRobots":[],"facebookTitle":"","facebookDescription":"","facebookImage":"","facebookImageID":""}}},"searchIntents":[],"isAnalyticsConnected":true,"tocTitle":"Table of Contents","tocExcludeHeadings":[],"listStyle":"ul"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11710"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11710"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11710\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13774,"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11710\/revisions\/13774"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11714"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11710"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}