{"id":11678,"date":"2022-03-05T16:52:39","date_gmt":"2022-03-05T15:52:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/?page_id=11678"},"modified":"2022-03-05T16:52:41","modified_gmt":"2022-03-05T15:52:41","slug":"le-fonti-dellinnovazione","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/les-sources-de-linnovation\/","title":{"rendered":"Les sources de l'innovation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nous distinguons deux grandes cat\u00e9gories : les sources internes et les sources externes.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Index<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table des mati\u00e8res\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #1e73be;color:#1e73be\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #1e73be;color:#1e73be\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/les-sources-de-linnovation\/#2_Fonti_interne\" >2. Sources internes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/les-sources-de-linnovation\/#Fonti_esterne\" >Sources externes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/les-sources-de-linnovation\/#Giusto_mix_tra_fonti_interne_e_fonti_esterne\" >Un bon dosage des sources internes et externes<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Fonti_interne\"><\/span>2. Sources internes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La source interne par excellence est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e par&nbsp;<strong>R&amp;D<\/strong>&nbsp;effectu\u00e9es dans les laboratoires de l'entreprise, employant du personnel sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 \u00e0 plein temps, dans le but de mener des recherches exploratoires \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re de la connaissance (de l'entreprise), ou des activit\u00e9s de d\u00e9veloppement de prototypes pour de nouveaux produits, de nouveaux proc\u00e9d\u00e9s ou de nouvelles techniques de production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D'autres sources de connaissances au sein de l'entreprise se trouvent dans diff\u00e9rents segments de la cha\u00eene de valeur, tels que&nbsp;<strong>conception, logistique, marketing<\/strong>. C'est ce que l'on appelle la \"R&amp;D informelle\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le choix de se concentrer sur les sources internes intervient lorsque l'entreprise a besoin :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>contr\u00f4ler les ressources \"essentielles\" de son activit\u00e9, c'est-\u00e0-dire les ressources qui contribuent le plus \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation de valeur et d'avantage concurrentiel dans le secteur d'activit\u00e9 de l'entreprise ;&nbsp;<\/li><li>et veulent d\u00e9cider comment orienter les ressources vers des objectifs sp\u00e9cifiques ;&nbsp;<\/li><li>limiter l'acc\u00e8s des concurrents aux m\u00eames ressources (imitation, utilisation des m\u00eames ressources au m\u00eame prix,...) ;<\/li><li>exploiter les \u00e9conomies de gamme, c'est-\u00e0-dire qu'elle peut d\u00e9j\u00e0 disposer des connaissances, m\u00eame partielles, n\u00e9cessaires au d\u00e9veloppement de l'innovation.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fonti_esterne\"><\/span>Sources externes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les entreprises qui n'ont pas&nbsp;<em>R&amp;D interne<\/em>&nbsp;(surtout les plus petites) transf\u00e8rent des connaissances en interne \u00e0 partir de sources externes, et en particulier de fournisseurs ou de clients de leur production.Les connaissances technologiques peuvent arriver de l'ext\u00e9rieur par diff\u00e9rents canaux :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>le capital et les biens interm\u00e9diaires utilis\u00e9s pour la production ;<\/li><li><strong>brevets&nbsp;<\/strong>auxquels ils acc\u00e8dent par le biais d'une licence ;<\/li><li><strong>acquisition<\/strong>&nbsp;ou l'importation de&nbsp;<strong>produits ou services<\/strong>&nbsp;\u00e0 forte intensit\u00e9 de connaissances (hi-tech) : elles peuvent \u00eatre une source de connaissances utiles pour g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des innovations ou des imitations, par le biais de ce que l'on appelle le \"processus d'innovation\".&nbsp;<em>ing\u00e9nierie inverse<\/em>ou simplement \u00eatre une source d'id\u00e9es ou de stimuli pour rivaliser avec des projets tout aussi innovants ;<\/li><li><strong>transfert de technologie<\/strong>Cela peut \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'accords de coop\u00e9ration avec d'autres entreprises ou centres de recherche pour tester dans l'entreprise des innovations technologiques qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 test\u00e9es ou appliqu\u00e9es dans d'autres contextes, ou pour la production conjointe ou la sous-traitance de produits qui n\u00e9cessitent l'utilisation de machines ou de processus nouveaux pour l'entreprise mais pas pour ses partenaires.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, les connaissances externes peuvent provenir de l'observation des consommateurs finaux (entreprises en aval).\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les grands innovateurs cr\u00e9ent des fabricants qui nous offrent sans cesse de nouvelles possibilit\u00e9s d'interaction, de divertissement et de simplification des activit\u00e9s quotidiennes. Pour eux, la technologie est toujours un moyen et jamais une fin. L'innovation ne concerne pas seulement les produits, mais aussi la mani\u00e8re dont ils modifient notre exp\u00e9rience quotidienne.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Concevoir un produit ou un service en tenant compte de l'exp\u00e9rience de l'utilisateur signifie avant tout d\u00e9velopper une relation empathique forte avec l'utilisateur final, lib\u00e9rer l'esprit de tout pr\u00e9jug\u00e9 et briser les sch\u00e9mas pr\u00e9\u00e9tablis. Le choix de se concentrer sur les sources externes intervient lorsque l'entreprise a besoin :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>r\u00e9duire le risque<\/strong>en partageant avec les autres ;<\/li><li><strong>\u00eatre rapide<\/strong>\u00a0dans le d\u00e9veloppement des ressources et d'obtenir des r\u00e9sultats rapidement (r\u00e9duction des d\u00e9lais de mise sur le march\u00e9) ;<\/li><li>faire\u00a0<strong>co\u00fbts flexibles\u00a0<\/strong>(des co\u00fbts fixes aux co\u00fbts variables) ;<\/li><li><strong>optimiser les ressources<\/strong>externaliser les activit\u00e9s marginales et se concentrer sur les activit\u00e9s \"essentielles\".<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giusto_mix_tra_fonti_interne_e_fonti_esterne\"><\/span>Un bon dosage des sources internes et externes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Comme dans toute chose, il est important de trouver le bon \u00e9quilibre entre l'ext\u00e9rieur et l'int\u00e9rieur, et surtout de se rappeler que, pour pouvoir capter les signaux de l'ext\u00e9rieur, il est important d'avoir des capteurs appropri\u00e9s \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Promouvoir le<em>vigilance<\/em>&nbsp;que les signaux externes, il est n\u00e9cessaire :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>se mettre en condition de \"r\u00e9ception\" (observation, \u00e9coute, ouverture \u00e0 d'autres fa\u00e7ons de penser\/de faire, etc ;)<\/li><li>d\u00e9velopper la capacit\u00e9 d'absorption en interne :<ul><li><strong>les comp\u00e9tences d'int\u00e9gration<\/strong>&nbsp;en interne \u00e0 partir de facteurs externes, de connaissances, de solutions, de technologies dans leur propre cha\u00eene de valeur ;<\/li><li><strong>comp\u00e9tences techniques<\/strong>&nbsp;base pour comprendre ce qui est apport\u00e9 de l'ext\u00e9rieur ;<\/li><li><strong>comp\u00e9tences en mati\u00e8re de gestion&nbsp;<\/strong>\u00e0 orchestrer et \u00e0 g\u00e9rer pour g\u00e9n\u00e9rer de la valeur dans les mod\u00e8les d'entreprise.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nous distinguons deux grandes cat\u00e9gories : les sources internes et les sources externes. Sources internes La source interne par excellence est la R&amp;D effectu\u00e9e dans les laboratoires de l'entreprise, employant du personnel sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 \u00e0 temps plein pour mener des recherches exploratoires \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re de la connaissance (de l'entreprise), ou ... <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"Les sources de l&#039;innovation\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/les-sources-de-linnovation\/#more-11678\" aria-label=\"Plus sur les sources de l&#039;innovation\">Lire plus<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"iawp_total_views":121,"footnotes":""},"acf":[],"rankMath":{"parentDomain":"aedic.eu","noFollowDomains":[],"noFollowExcludeDomains":[],"noFollowExternalLinks":true,"featuredImageNotice":"L\u2019image en vedette devrait \u00eatre au moins 200 par 200 pixels pour \u00eatre 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