{"id":11658,"date":"2022-03-03T10:50:18","date_gmt":"2022-03-03T09:50:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/?page_id=11658"},"modified":"2022-11-27T00:07:20","modified_gmt":"2022-11-26T23:07:20","slug":"l-ambiente-esterno-come-influisce-sullimpresa","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/lenvironnement-externe-comment-il-affecte-lentreprise\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment l'environnement externe affecte-t-il l'entreprise ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>L'environnement externe intervient au moins de trois mani\u00e8res diff\u00e9rentes :\u00a0<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_81 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Index<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table des mati\u00e8res\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #1e73be;color:#1e73be\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #1e73be;color:#1e73be\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/lenvironnement-externe-comment-il-affecte-lentreprise\/#Ambiente_competitivo\" >Environnement concurrentiel<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/lenvironnement-externe-comment-il-affecte-lentreprise\/#Dinamiche_ambientali\" >Dynamique environnementale<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/lenvironnement-externe-comment-il-affecte-lentreprise\/#Il_contesto_locale\" >Le contexte local<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/lenvironnement-externe-comment-il-affecte-lentreprise\/#Uno_strumento_di_analisi_dellambiente_%E2%80%93_PESTEL\" >Un outil d'analyse de l'environnement - PESTEL<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<ol><li>l'environnement concurrentiel ;<\/li><li>la dynamique de l'environnement ;<\/li><li>contexte local<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>L'environnement externe intervient au moins de trois mani\u00e8res diff\u00e9rentes :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>l'environnement concurrentiel ;<\/li><li>la dynamique de l'environnement ;<\/li><li>contexte local<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ambiente_competitivo\"><\/span>Environnement concurrentiel<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les conditions de concurrence d'un secteur sont le r\u00e9sultat d'une s\u00e9rie de pressions ou de forces qui peuvent \u00eatre rattach\u00e9es \u00e0 cinq domaines (<strong>Mod\u00e8le des 5 forces concurrentielles de Porter<\/strong>).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>Les pressions concurrentielles induites par la nature de l'activit\u00e9 de l'entreprise.<strong>&nbsp;concurrence<\/strong>&nbsp;(nombre d'entreprises produisant le m\u00eame produit ou service, niveau de diff\u00e9renciation de l'offre, rapport entre les co\u00fbts fixes et les co\u00fbts variables, etc.)<\/li><li>Les pressions concurrentielles associ\u00e9es \u00e0 la menace de&nbsp;<strong>nouveaux entrants&nbsp;<\/strong>(les pressions seront contenues si elles sont \u00e9lev\u00e9es).&nbsp;<strong>barri\u00e8res \u00e0 l'entr\u00e9e<\/strong>tels que : \u00e9conomies d'\u00e9chelle, \u00e9conomies d'apprentissage, niveau \u00e9lev\u00e9 de diff\u00e9renciation, ressources compl\u00e9mentaires - canaux de distribution, production - importantes et rares, etc.)<\/li><li>Les pressions concurrentielles r\u00e9sultant de la tentative d'op\u00e9rateurs d'autres secteurs d'attirer des acheteurs ayant des besoins particuliers.&nbsp;<strong>produits de substitution<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Les pressions concurrentielles g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es par la<strong>&nbsp;pouvoir de n\u00e9gociation des fournisseurs<\/strong>&nbsp;et la collaboration entre les fournisseurs et les vendeurs.<\/li><li>Les pressions concurrentielles g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es par la&nbsp;<strong>pouvoir de n\u00e9gociation des clients<\/strong>&nbsp;et la collaboration entre eux et les vendeurs.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"712\" height=\"469\" src=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/ecosistema-esterno-economia-porter.jpg\" alt=\"\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me externe \u00e9conomie porter\" class=\"wp-image-11660\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/ecosistema-esterno-economia-porter.jpg 712w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/ecosistema-esterno-economia-porter-300x198.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 712px) 100vw, 712px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"yui_3_17_2_1_1646300850246_29\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dinamiche_ambientali\"><\/span>Dynamique environnementale<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nous nous concentrons sur quatre dynamiques environnementales :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><strong>Dynamique politique\/r\u00e9glementaire et incitations&nbsp;<br><\/strong>Changements r\u00e9glementaires et institutionnels, lois, incitations publiques, politiques de valorisation des r\u00e9sultats de la recherche, politiques d'attractivit\u00e9 des territoires, politiques de financement et d'acc\u00e8s au cr\u00e9dit, etc.<\/li><li><strong>Dynamique technologique<\/strong><br>L'\u00e9volution des technologies (industrie 4.0, intelligence artificielle, big data, num\u00e9risation, informatique quantique, etc.)<\/li><li><strong>Dynamiques sociales et d\u00e9mographiques<\/strong><br>Changements dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, les coutumes, les modes de vie. Un exemple est le&nbsp;<em>\u00c9conomie de partage<\/em>&nbsp;ou m\u00eame par le&nbsp;<em>L'\u00e9conomie souterraine&nbsp;<\/em>(l'\u00e9conomie \"gig\", qui consid\u00e8re le travail ind\u00e9pendant flexible comme une alternative \u00e0 l'emploi stable), les nouvelles professions li\u00e9es aux plateformes sociales et num\u00e9riques, le vieillissement de la population, l'innovation sociale, environnementale et durable, l'\u00e9conomie circulaire, etc.<\/li><li><strong>Dynamique \u00e9conomique<\/strong><br>Changements dans la situation \u00e9conomique : tendances \u00e9conomiques mondiales, r\u00e9cession, inflation, emploi, etc.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Il_contesto_locale\"><\/span>Le contexte local<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le contexte local peut pr\u00e9senter des menaces et des opportunit\u00e9s. Pourquoi l'innovation est-elle florissante dans certains endroits alors qu'elle n'\u00e9merge pas dans d'autres ? Les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes peuvent-ils \u00eatre construits ou apparaissent-ils spontan\u00e9ment ? Quels sont les acteurs et les facteurs cl\u00e9s d'un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me entrepreneurial qui permettent le d\u00e9veloppement de start-ups prosp\u00e8res et attirent de nouveaux capitaux humains, financiers et sociaux ?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me est un ensemble d'acteurs entrepreneuriaux interconnect\u00e9s, d'organisations commerciales, d'universit\u00e9s, d'agences du secteur public, de grandes et de petites entreprises, d'institutions financi\u00e8res, etc.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A&nbsp;<strong>\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me<\/strong>&nbsp;riche favorise les <a href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/il-y-a-un-kit-didentite-de-linnovateur-qui-reussit\/\" >succ\u00e8s de l'innovation<\/a>. Les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes innovants r\u00e9ussis sont repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s par le contexte isra\u00e9lien, le contexte berlinois, Londres, la Silicon Valley. Ils pr\u00e9sentent des caract\u00e9ristiques diff\u00e9rentes. Il n'y a pas de recette pour l'\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me id\u00e9al qui fonctionne pour tout le monde. L'\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me qui fonctionne est aussi le r\u00e9sultat de l'histoire, de la tradition et des valeurs d'une r\u00e9gion.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il est erron\u00e9 de regarder les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes internationaux qui fonctionnent et d'essayer de les copier. Il est plut\u00f4t important de comprendre les \u00e9l\u00e9ments et les ingr\u00e9dients qui ont fait leur succ\u00e8s et d'essayer d'en cr\u00e9er de nouveaux tout en respectant les sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s des territoires et de leurs entreprises.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uno_strumento_di_analisi_dellambiente_%E2%80%93_PESTEL\"><\/span>Un outil d'analyse de l'environnement - PESTEL<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L'analyse&nbsp;<strong>PESTEL<\/strong>&nbsp;(acronyme compos\u00e9 des initiales des termes qui d\u00e9finissent les domaines fondamentaux d'investigation : politique, \u00e9conomique, social, technologique, juridique et environnemental) est une m\u00e9thodologie bas\u00e9e sur certains facteurs du contexte externe qui permettent d'esquisser le sc\u00e9nario existant de l'environnement dans lequel une entreprise op\u00e8re.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L'analyse vise \u00e0 identifier les facteurs susceptibles de jouer un r\u00f4le dans les choix d\u00e9cisionnels, strat\u00e9giques et op\u00e9rationnels de l'organisation.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L'environnement externe intervient au moins de trois mani\u00e8res diff\u00e9rentes : environnement concurrentiel ; dynamique environnementale ; contexte local L'environnement externe intervient au moins de trois mani\u00e8res diff\u00e9rentes : environnement concurrentiel ; dynamique environnementale ; contexte local Environnement concurrentiel Les conditions concurrentielles d'une industrie sont le r\u00e9sultat d'une s\u00e9rie de ... <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"Comment l&#039;environnement externe affecte-t-il l&#039;entreprise ?\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/lenvironnement-externe-comment-il-affecte-lentreprise\/#more-11658\" aria-label=\"Plus sur L&#039; Environnement externe comment affecte-t-il l&#039;entreprise ?\">Lire 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