{"id":11399,"date":"2022-02-21T19:18:20","date_gmt":"2022-02-21T18:18:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/?page_id=11399"},"modified":"2022-02-21T19:18:22","modified_gmt":"2022-02-21T18:18:22","slug":"la-logistica-internazionale","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/la-logistique-internationale\/","title":{"rendered":"Logistique internationale"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduzione\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Chaque jour, des milliers de tonnes de marchandises circulent dans le monde entier via diff\u00e9rents syst\u00e8mes de transport, de l'avion au bateau en passant par le camion. Chaque marchandise qui se d\u00e9place est un produit fini, un produit semi-fini ou un mat\u00e9riau n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 la production d'autres mat\u00e9riaux qui s'int\u00e9greront dans diff\u00e9rentes cha\u00eenes d'approvisionnement utiles \u00e0 des milliers de personnes. Tous ces mouvements quotidiens convergent vers des milliers de points repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s par des entreprises qui utilisent ces mat\u00e9riaux et les transforment en produits finis, qui seront \u00e0 leur tour achemin\u00e9s vers d'autres entreprises jusqu'au consommateur final. \u00c0 partir du consommateur final, les mat\u00e9riaux sous forme de d\u00e9chets seront collect\u00e9s, transport\u00e9s vers de nouvelles entreprises, qui les transformeront pour les rendre utiles \u00e0 d'autres cha\u00eenes d'approvisionnement, sous forme de composants ou de nouvelles mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res.&nbsp;<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Index<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table des mati\u00e8res\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #1e73be;color:#1e73be\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #1e73be;color:#1e73be\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/la-logistique-internationale\/#Introduzione\" >Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/la-logistique-internationale\/#La_logistica\" >Logistique<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/la-logistique-internationale\/#La_logistica_globale\" >Logistique mondiale<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/la-logistique-internationale\/#Opportunita\" >Opportunit\u00e9s<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/la-logistique-internationale\/#Rischi\" >Risques<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p>Tous ces flux globaux, quotidiens et continus, constitu\u00e9s de transports et de transformations successifs, impliquant l'ensemble du globe, s'appellent la logistique.<br>Pourquoi la logistique est-elle une fonction cl\u00e9 pour l'entreprise ?<br>Pourquoi est-il n\u00e9cessaire d'envisager une logistique globale ?\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"La_logistica\"><\/span>Logistique<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La<strong>&nbsp;logistique&nbsp;<\/strong>est un&nbsp;<strong>fonction fondamentale&nbsp;<\/strong>parce qu'elle concerne tous les secteurs industriels. Il n'existe aucun secteur qui ne soit pas affect\u00e9 d'une mani\u00e8re ou d'une autre par les flux logistiques. Toutes les entreprises de production ont des mat\u00e9riaux entrants, des mat\u00e9riaux de transformation et des mat\u00e9riaux sortants. Les entreprises commerciales sont \u00e0 leur tour affect\u00e9es par les mat\u00e9riaux qui sont achet\u00e9s, stock\u00e9s et ensuite distribu\u00e9s \u00e0 leurs clients. Les entreprises de services ont \u00e9galement des flux logistiques, les consommables, ainsi que les mat\u00e9riaux de soutien aux services ont des origines plus ou moins lointaines et, \u00e0 leur tour, des destinations \u00e9loign\u00e9es.<br>Les services de sant\u00e9 fournis par les h\u00f4pitaux, par exemple, sont affect\u00e9s par les flux de m\u00e9dicaments, de denr\u00e9es alimentaires, d'instruments de diagnostic et de leurs pi\u00e8ces d\u00e9tach\u00e9es, ou de mat\u00e9riel pour les s\u00e9jours \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital (taies d'oreiller, draps, matelas, etc.). La restauration peut \u00e0 son tour \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme une activit\u00e9 de transformation. Les services de transport (chemins de fer ou compagnies a\u00e9riennes), outre la gestion des passagers, doivent optimiser la circulation des v\u00e9hicules (wagons et avions) et le mat\u00e9riel n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 leur entretien.<br>Enfin, les entreprises de logiciels, dont les principaux produits sont des solutions num\u00e9ris\u00e9es, sont \u00e9galement affect\u00e9es par les flux entrants de consommables n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la gestion de l'instrumentation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"La_logistica_globale\"><\/span>Logistique mondiale<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La logistique est&nbsp;<strong>de plus en plus mondiale<\/strong>Non seulement des produits complexes et hautement technologiques arrivent dans les mains du consommateur final apr\u00e8s des milliers de kilom\u00e8tres (t\u00e9l\u00e9phones portables, \u00e9crans de t\u00e9l\u00e9vision, etc.), mais des produits aussi simples qu'un t-shirt en coton parcourent en moyenne plus de 32 000 km avant d'\u00eatre port\u00e9s.<br>L'alimentation n'\u00e9chappe pas \u00e0 cette r\u00e8gle, il suffit de penser que dans les supermarch\u00e9s italiens, on trouve r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement des pommes et des poires du Chili (12 000 km parcourus avant d'\u00eatre consomm\u00e9es), des bananes de l'\u00c9quateur (5 400 km), des ananas du Kenya (5 300 km), des raisins et des oranges d'Afrique du Sud (8 500 km), du saumon de Norv\u00e8ge (2 000 km).<br>Gestion&nbsp;<strong>efficace et efficient<\/strong>&nbsp;Ces flux sont n\u00e9cessaires non seulement pour garantir une marge aux entreprises impliqu\u00e9es dans les diff\u00e9rentes cha\u00eenes d'approvisionnement, et donc contenir les co\u00fbts, mais aussi pour avoir un impact environnemental le plus faible possible.<br>\u00c0 mesure que les \u00e9v\u00e9nements li\u00e9s au changement climatique se multiplient, il deviendra obligatoire de&nbsp;<strong>repenser les r\u00e9seaux logistiques&nbsp;<\/strong>rapidement afin de pouvoir faire face d'une part \u00e0 des \u00e9v\u00e9nements qui pourraient m\u00eame devenir catastrophiques et qui pourraient remettre en cause les approvisionnements habituels, et d'autre part il faudra rationaliser de mani\u00e8re appropri\u00e9e afin d'utiliser au mieux les ressources dans une optique d'\u00e9conomie circulaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cependant, il existe un autre facteur qui rend la gestion logistique plus difficile, \u00e0 savoir le changement soudain de l'\u00e9tat d'une entreprise.&nbsp;<strong>un march\u00e9 de plus en plus exigeant<\/strong>&nbsp;non seulement en termes de r\u00e9duction des d\u00e9lais de livraison des marchandises, mais aussi en termes de respect du calendrier, ce qui incite les entreprises \u00e0 rendre visible en temps r\u00e9el l'emplacement des diff\u00e9rents mat\u00e9riaux.&nbsp;<strong>Tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9<\/strong>&nbsp;e&nbsp;<strong>tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9&nbsp;<\/strong>deviennent ainsi deux mots-cl\u00e9s impos\u00e9s par des r\u00e9glementations plus strictes et des clients plus exigeants.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Opportunita\"><\/span>Opportunit\u00e9s<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Quels sont les&nbsp;<strong>opportunit\u00e9s&nbsp;<\/strong>li\u00e9s \u00e0 la logistique internationale ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les entreprises ont de nombreuses raisons de g\u00e9rer les flux internationaux de marchandises, les principales \u00e9tant les suivantes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>recherche de mat\u00e9riel indisponible&nbsp;<\/strong>dans leur propre pays, tels que des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res comme le coton ou des denr\u00e9es alimentaires comme les fruits exotiques ;<\/li><li>ont&nbsp;<strong>composants et produits \u00e0&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>r\u00e9duction des co\u00fbts<\/strong>d'abord les pays de l'Est dans les ann\u00e9es 1990, puis les pays d'Extr\u00eame-Orient repr\u00e9sentaient des zones o\u00f9 la main-d'\u0153uvre \u00e9tait moins ch\u00e8re ;<\/li><li><strong>faire face \u00e0 la saisonnalit\u00e9<\/strong>comme pour les denr\u00e9es alimentaires, et autorisent la vente de certains produits m\u00eame lorsque la saison n'est pas propice ;<\/li><li>l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s o\u00f9 il y a plus de&nbsp;<strong>la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 des approvisionnements<\/strong>compte tenu de la pr\u00e9sence sp\u00e9cifique, dans certaines zones g\u00e9ographiques, de districts ou de zones \u00e0 forte vocation ;<\/li><li>atteindre&nbsp;<strong>nouveaux march\u00e9s&nbsp;<\/strong>de sortie ;<\/li><li><strong>diversifier les risques d'approvisionnement<\/strong>visant \u00e0 assurer la continuit\u00e9 de l'approvisionnement m\u00eame en pr\u00e9sence d'\u00e9v\u00e9nements susceptibles de compromettre l'approvisionnement \u00e0 partir de certaines zones ;<\/li><li><strong>r\u00e9duire le temps&nbsp;<\/strong>d'approvisionnement, en organisant les solutions de transport ad\u00e9quates ;<\/li><li><strong>am\u00e9liorer le service \u00e0 la client\u00e8le<\/strong>et atteindre le march\u00e9 plus rapidement et \u00e0 un co\u00fbt plus comp\u00e9titif.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rischi\"><\/span>Risques<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Il est toutefois n\u00e9cessaire de tenir compte du fait que l'internationalit\u00e9 implique \u00e9galement le fait que l'on ne peut pas se passer de l'aide de l'Union europ\u00e9enne pour la mise en \u0153uvre de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 commune.&nbsp;<strong>risques<\/strong>y compris :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>le pays entre en conflit avec d'autres pays ou des bouleversements politiques se produisent.<\/li><li>Le pays entre dans une crise \u00e9conomique.<\/li><li>Manque d'expertise dans le domaine et difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 trouver du personnel suffisamment qualifi\u00e9 ou form\u00e9.<\/li><li>Le manque de connectivit\u00e9, tr\u00e8s important compte tenu de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de partager des informations en temps r\u00e9el.<\/li><li>Absence de protection juridique.<\/li><li>Risque de cyber-attaques.<\/li><li>Le manque de respect des droits civils ou l'exploitation des mineurs ou des minorit\u00e9s.<\/li><li>Impact sur l'environnement.<\/li><li>Les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques extr\u00eames (ouragans, typhons, s\u00e9cheresses).<\/li><li>Catastrophes naturelles (inondations) ou d'origine humaine (accidents nucl\u00e9aires).<\/li><li>Pand\u00e9mies.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>La logistique est une fonction cl\u00e9 pour les entreprises afin d'assurer la durabilit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique et environnementale. L'organisation correcte des flux de mati\u00e8res et de leur stockage est une condition n\u00e9cessaire pour ma\u00eetriser les co\u00fbts et permettre \u00e0 l'entreprise de satisfaire son march\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re ad\u00e9quate. Chaque entreprise doit \u00eatre consciente des&nbsp;<strong>sa propre structure de cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement<\/strong>y compris les points faibles. Pour ce faire, il est n\u00e9cessaire de disposer d'un&nbsp;<strong>suivi continu des flux logistiques&nbsp;<\/strong>afin d'\u00e9valuer en permanence les performances op\u00e9rationnelles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction Chaque jour, des milliers de tonnes de marchandises circulent dans le monde entier via diff\u00e9rents syst\u00e8mes de transport, de l'avion au bateau en passant par le camion. Chaque marchandise transport\u00e9e est un produit fini, un produit semi-fini ou un mat\u00e9riau n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 la production d'autres mat\u00e9riaux qui s'int\u00e9greront dans diff\u00e9rents ... <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"Logistique internationale\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/la-logistique-internationale\/#more-11399\" aria-label=\"Plus sur La Logistique Internationale\">Lire plus<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"iawp_total_views":30,"footnotes":""},"acf":[],"rankMath":{"parentDomain":"aedic.eu","noFollowDomains":[],"noFollowExcludeDomains":[],"noFollowExternalLinks":true,"featuredImageNotice":"L\u2019image en vedette devrait \u00eatre au moins 200 par 200 pixels pour \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 par Facebook et d\u2019autres sites de m\u00e9dias 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