{"id":11358,"date":"2022-02-19T18:07:17","date_gmt":"2022-02-19T17:07:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/?page_id=11358"},"modified":"2022-02-19T18:15:59","modified_gmt":"2022-02-19T17:15:59","slug":"principali-clausole-di-un-contratto-internazionale","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/les-principales-clauses-dun-contrat-international\/","title":{"rendered":"Principales clauses d'un contrat international"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"La_scelta_della_legge_applicabile_al_contratto\"><\/span>Le choix de la loi applicable au contrat<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans un contrat international, il est essentiel d'inclure la clause d\u00e9finissant la loi r\u00e9gissant le contrat.<br>Sous r\u00e9serve d'exceptions, ce choix est librement applicable entre les parties.<br>Dans l'UE, la<strong>\u00a0R\u00e8glement (CE) n\u00b0 593\/2008.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Index<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table des mati\u00e8res\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #1e73be;color:#1e73be\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #1e73be;color:#1e73be\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/les-principales-clauses-dun-contrat-international\/#La_scelta_della_legge_applicabile_al_contratto\" >Le choix de la loi applicable au contrat<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/les-principales-clauses-dun-contrat-international\/#La_scelta_del_foro_competente\" >Le choix de la juridiction comp\u00e9tente<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/les-principales-clauses-dun-contrat-international\/#Larbitrato\" >L'arbitrage<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/les-principales-clauses-dun-contrat-international\/#Momento_di_passaggio_della_proprieta_e_dei_rischi_di_perimento_del_bene_1\" >Moment du transfert de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et risques de perte de biens \/1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/les-principales-clauses-dun-contrat-international\/#Momento_di_passaggio_della_proprieta_e_dei_rischi_di_perimento_del_bene_2\" >Moment du transfert de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et risques de perte de biens \/2<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/les-principales-clauses-dun-contrat-international\/#Il_passaggio_del_rischio_del_perimento_della_cosa\" >Le passage du risque de p\u00e9rir<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/les-principales-clauses-dun-contrat-international\/#Forza_maggiore_%E2%80%93_force_majeure_e_eccessiva_onerosita_sopravvenuta-_hardship_clause\" >Force majeure - clause de force majeure et de contrainte excessive<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/les-principales-clauses-dun-contrat-international\/#Lesecuzione_del_contratto_internazionale\" >L'ex\u00e9cution du contrat international<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/les-principales-clauses-dun-contrat-international\/#Risoluzione_e_risarcimento_discharge_and_liquidated_damages\" >D\u00e9charge et dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats liquid\u00e9s<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/les-principales-clauses-dun-contrat-international\/#Le_clausole_penali_%E2%80%9Cliquidate_damages%E2%80%9D\" >Clauses p\u00e9nales (\"dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats\")<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/les-principales-clauses-dun-contrat-international\/#La_lingua_del_contratto\" >La langue du contrat<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p>Le choix du droit applicable doit \u00eatre express\u00e9ment indiqu\u00e9 conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l'article 3.&nbsp;<br>En l'absence de choix, le crit\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9ral est bas\u00e9 sur le concept de la partie qui doit fournir l'information.&nbsp;<strong>performance des caract\u00e9ristiques<\/strong>&nbsp;(qui ne sera jamais la performance du paiement d'une somme d'argent).<br>Par exemple, dans un contrat de vente, c'est le droit o\u00f9 le vendeur est \u00e9tabli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les r\u00e8gles ci-dessus ne s'appliquent pas aux contrats de consommation, aux contrats portant sur des droits r\u00e9els immobiliers, aux contrats de transport, pour lesquels d'autres crit\u00e8res de rattachement s'appliquent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lors du choix de la loi applicable, il convient de toujours garder \u00e0 l'esprit certaines mises en garde, telles que<br>coordonner le choix des\u00a0<strong>droit applicable<\/strong>\u00a0avec le choix de\u00a0<strong>tribunal comp\u00e9tent<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"La_scelta_del_foro_competente\"><\/span>Le choix de la juridiction comp\u00e9tente<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans un contrat international, il est essentiel d'inclure une clause d\u00e9finissant le tribunal comp\u00e9tent ou l'arbitrage en cas de litige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il faudra tenir compte du fait que la d\u00e9cision rendue dans un pays est ensuite ex\u00e9cutoire dans un autre pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il serait absurde de pr\u00e9voir une clause d'\u00e9lection de for pour trancher le litige d\u00e9coulant du contrat si le jugement rendu par ce tribunal ne pouvait \u00eatre reconnu et ex\u00e9cut\u00e9 dans le pays \u00e9tranger o\u00f9 est domicili\u00e9e la partie \u00e0 laquelle il est adress\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Larbitrato\"><\/span>L'arbitrage<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Avec l'arbitrage, les parties renoncent \u00e0 soumettre les litiges d\u00e9coulant du contrat aux tribunaux \u00e9tatiques et les soumettent au jugement de tiers (qu'elles choisissent, directement ou par voie de m\u00e9diation, selon le r\u00e8glement de la chambre d'arbitrage de leur choix), dont la d\u00e9cision (sentence) a la capacit\u00e9 d'obtenir le m\u00eame effet qu'un jugement rendu par les tribunaux \u00e9tatiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La convention la plus importante en mati\u00e8re d'arbitrage international est la convention de New York de 1958, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ratifi\u00e9e par un tr\u00e8s grand nombre d'\u00c9tats (<a href=\"https:\/\/uncitral.un.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">www.uncitral.un.org<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cette convention entra\u00eene l'obligation pour les \u00c9tats adh\u00e9rents de reconna\u00eetre et d'ex\u00e9cuter les sentences arbitrales \u00e9trang\u00e8res.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La principale limite de la proc\u00e9dure d'arbitrage est son co\u00fbt \u00e9lev\u00e9. <strong>Le Cameroun a sign\u00e9 la convention<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/convenzione-di-new-york-camerun.png\" alt=\"convention new york cameroun\" class=\"wp-image-11362\" width=\"927\" height=\"476\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/convenzione-di-new-york-camerun.png 520w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/convenzione-di-new-york-camerun-300x154.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 927px) 100vw, 927px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Momento_di_passaggio_della_proprieta_e_dei_rischi_di_perimento_del_bene_1\"><\/span>Moment du transfert de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et risques de perte de biens \/1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pays de droit civil<\/strong>&nbsp;sont divis\u00e9s, en la mati\u00e8re, en trois grands groupes, dont les prototypes peuvent \u00eatre respectivement indiqu\u00e9s :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>dans le Code Napol\u00e9on de 1804<\/li><li>dans le BGB allemand de 1900<\/li><li>dans l'ABGB autrichien de 1811<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Les pays qui suivent les r\u00e8gles de l'ABGB autrichien exigent trois conditions pour le transfert de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>consentement<\/li><li>la cause<\/li><li>livraison de l'objet<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Les pays qui se r\u00e9f\u00e8rent au BGB allemand r\u00e9duisent \u00e0 deux les exigences relatives au transfert de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>consentement<\/li><li>livraison<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Momento_di_passaggio_della_proprieta_e_dei_rischi_di_perimento_del_bene_2\"><\/span>Moment du transfert de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et risques de perte de biens \/2<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les pays qui se r\u00e9f\u00e8rent au Code Napol\u00e9on identifient les exigences :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>dans le consensus<\/li><li>dans le cas<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce dernier est le principe de&nbsp;<strong>consentement transf\u00e9rable<\/strong>&nbsp;\u00e9galement exprim\u00e9e dans l'article 1376 du code civil italien :&nbsp;<em>\"dans les contrats ayant pour objet le transfert de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 d'un bien d\u00e9termin\u00e9, la constitution ou le transfert d'un droit r\u00e9el ou le transfert d'un autre droit, la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 ou le droit se transmet ou s'acquiert par le consentement des parties l\u00e9gitimement donn\u00e9\".<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O\u00f9 le<strong>&nbsp;principe consensuel&nbsp;<\/strong>le vendeur ex\u00e9cute l'obligation de livrer la chose \u00e0 l'acheteur en lui remettant le bien qui est d\u00e9j\u00e0 sa propri\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On acquiert la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et, avec elle, le droit de disposer des choses avant m\u00eame d'en avoir re\u00e7u la livraison et, donc, avant d'en avoir pay\u00e9 le prix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Il_passaggio_del_rischio_del_perimento_della_cosa\"><\/span>Le passage du risque de p\u00e9rir<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Le passage du risque de la disparition de la chose vendue&nbsp;<\/strong>est r\u00e9gi par le principe&nbsp;<em>res perit domino<\/em>&nbsp;(la chose p\u00e9rit entre les mains du propri\u00e9taire), tant dans le syst\u00e8me du consentement transactionnel que dans celui du BGB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le site&nbsp;<em>Droit commun<\/em>a encore soulign\u00e9 en la mati\u00e8re la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de respecter la volont\u00e9 des particuliers en posant la r\u00e8gle selon laquelle il appartient aux parties contractantes de d\u00e9terminer le moment du transfert de propri\u00e9t\u00e9, que ce soit au moment de la conclusion du contrat ou au moment de la livraison ou du paiement du prix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le probl\u00e8me se pose en pratique si les parties n'ont pas stipul\u00e9 le moment du transfert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce probl\u00e8me est r\u00e9solu en suivant le crit\u00e8re selon lequel la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 est transf\u00e9r\u00e9e, selon la volont\u00e9 pr\u00e9sum\u00e9e des parties, au moment de la conclusion du contrat, conform\u00e9ment au principe du consentement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toutefois, contrairement au droit civil, le transfert des risques est entre les mains de la personne qui dispose directement ou indirectement des marchandises, d'o\u00f9 la naissance des Incoterms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Forza_maggiore_%E2%80%93_force_majeure_e_eccessiva_onerosita_sopravvenuta-_hardship_clause\"><\/span>Force majeure - clause de force majeure et de contrainte excessive<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L'obligation de r\u00e9parer les dommages n'est pas absolue, elle n'est pas d\u00e9clench\u00e9e chaque fois qu'une partie manque \u00e0 ses obligations.<br>La limite est celle de l'impossibilit\u00e9 manifeste d'ex\u00e9cution.<br>Une partie n'est pas responsable de l'inex\u00e9cution s'il est prouv\u00e9 qu'elle est due \u00e0 un emp\u00eachement r\u00e9sultant de circonstances ind\u00e9pendantes de sa volont\u00e9 et qu'elle ne pouvait raisonnablement pr\u00e9voir au moment de la conclusion du contrat.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>La clause de force majeure comprend<\/strong>dans un \u00e9v\u00e9nement par nature aussi impr\u00e9visible qu'in\u00e9vitable, totalement ext\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la volont\u00e9 du d\u00e9biteur, nouveau et diff\u00e9rent de ce que les parties pouvaient raisonnablement pr\u00e9voir au moment de la conclusion du contrat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>La clause<\/strong><em>&nbsp;difficult\u00e9s<\/em>(survenance d'une on\u00e9rosit\u00e9 excessive) a pour fondement un \u00e9v\u00e9nement qui cr\u00e9e un d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre entre les prestations contractuelles telles que les parties les avaient envisag\u00e9es lors de la conclusion du contrat et sur lesquelles les parties s'\u00e9taient fond\u00e9es (l'\u00e9v\u00e9nement ne rend pas l'ex\u00e9cution impossible, mais la rend extraordinairement on\u00e9reuse).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Compte tenu de la faible pertinence juridique de l'on\u00e9rosit\u00e9 conditionnelle (<em>difficult\u00e9s<\/em>) dans les syst\u00e8mes de\u00a0<em>droit commun<\/em>\u00a0il est bon, lorsqu'on op\u00e8re dans ce domaine, de ne pas se contenter de laisser la loi nationale applicable au contrat se substituer \u00e0 la volont\u00e9 des parties, sous peine de se trouver \u00e0 la merci de r\u00e8gles tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rentes de celles de l'Union europ\u00e9enne.\u00a0<em>droit civil<\/em>\u00a0et une jurisprudence complexe et impr\u00e9visible pour un juriste de l'Universit\u00e9 d'Amsterdam.\u00a0<em>droit civil<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toutefois, en raison de l'importance du profil, les contrats de vente internationaux contiennent souvent des clauses pour traiter l'hypoth\u00e8se de la surveillance d'une on\u00e9rosit\u00e9 excessive :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>la premi\u00e8re solution est une clause obligeant les parties \u00e0 tenter de se mettre d'accord sur une r\u00e9vision du contrat ; si elles ne parviennent pas \u00e0 un accord, les r\u00e8gles de droit compl\u00e9mentaires entrent en jeu.<\/li><li>La deuxi\u00e8me solution est une clause obligeant les parties \u00e0 rechercher un accord pour r\u00e9viser le contrat et, en l'absence d'accord, \u00e0 confier \u00e0 un tiers le soin de trouver et de conseiller les parties sur une \u00e9ventuelle solution modifiant le contrat. Les parties peuvent l'accepter ou non ; si elles ne l'acceptent pas, la loi entre en jeu.&nbsp;<\/li><li>La troisi\u00e8me possibilit\u00e9,&nbsp;<strong>de loin le plus utilis\u00e9<\/strong>est la clause qui oblige les parties \u00e0 rechercher un accord et, si elles n'y parviennent pas, \u00e0 charger un tiers de trouver une solution contraignante pour les parties (arbitrage).&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Il s'agit de la clause la plus efficace car elle donne aux parties la possibilit\u00e9 de rechercher un accord et, en l'absence d'accord, fait intervenir un tiers qui d\u00e9cide et sauvegarde le contrat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lesecuzione_del_contratto_internazionale\"><\/span>L'ex\u00e9cution du contrat international<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Accomplissement (<em>performance<\/em>) est la performance exacte de la performance due.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Un contrat international, comme un contrat national, doit \u00eatre ex\u00e9cut\u00e9 conform\u00e9ment aux principes suivants\u00a0<strong>la bonne foi et la loyaut\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Risoluzione_e_risarcimento_discharge_and_liquidated_damages\"><\/span>D\u00e9charge et dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats liquid\u00e9s<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>La r\u00e9solution<\/strong>&nbsp;est certainement la plus radicale des mesures r\u00e9sultant de l'inex\u00e9cution du contrat, c'est-\u00e0-dire l'inex\u00e9cution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Seule l'inex\u00e9cution caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par une certaine gravit\u00e9 peut donner lieu \u00e0 une r\u00e9siliation.<br>En\u00a0<strong>Droit italien<\/strong>\u00a0Ce dernier principe est r\u00e9sum\u00e9 dans l'article 1455 du Code civil.\u00a0<br>Des r\u00e8gles similaires se retrouvent dans tous les syst\u00e8mes juridiques : par exemple, la Convention de Vienne - C.I.S.G. 1980 - sur la vente internationale de biens meubles corporels, dans ses articles 25 et 46, parle de\u00a0<em>violation fondamentale<\/em>.<br>L'appr\u00e9ciation de la gravit\u00e9 de l'inex\u00e9cution, dans le silence des parties, rel\u00e8ve toujours du juge.<br>C'est la raison pour laquelle il semble important, lors de la r\u00e9daction d'un contrat, d'inclure des clauses qui permettent aux parties d'identifier au pr\u00e9alable les obligations dont la violation peut entra\u00eener, si on le souhaite, la r\u00e9siliation du contrat (clause de r\u00e9siliation expresse, article 1456 du code civil).<br>En ce qui concerne les dommages, les probl\u00e8mes qui se posent fr\u00e9quemment concernent non seulement leur preuve mais aussi leur quantification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Qu'entend-on par\u00a0<strong>dommage indemnisable<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re de la loi r\u00e9gissant le contrat ? Les questions suivantes peuvent \u00eatre pos\u00e9es en guise de r\u00e9ponse :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>si seuls les dommages r\u00e9sultant directement de l'inex\u00e9cution ou \u00e9galement les dommages indirects sont indemnisables ;<\/li><li>si et dans quelle mesure une \u00e9valuation \u00e9quitable des dommages caus\u00e9s est possible ;<\/li><li>la prise en compte ou non de l'aggravation du pr\u00e9judice d\u00e9pendant de raisons subjectives de la partie d\u00e9faillante ;<\/li><li>si seuls les dommages pr\u00e9visibles sont indemnisables.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Il s'ensuit que, pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment pour \u00e9viter les probl\u00e8mes mentionn\u00e9s ci-dessus, il conviendra, si et dans la mesure du possible, d'inclure dans les contrats des clauses qui pr\u00e9voient des moyens appropri\u00e9s pour les \u00e9viter ou en tout cas pour les minimiser ou enfin pour les anticiper comme c'est le cas avec l'inclusion d'une clause p\u00e9nale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Le_clausole_penali_%E2%80%9Cliquidate_damages%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>Clauses p\u00e9nales (\"dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats\")<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Leur but est de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 une d\u00e9termination pr\u00e9alable du montant des dommages et \u00e0 un r\u00e8glement forfaitaire des dommages sans qu'il soit n\u00e9cessaire de saisir un tribunal, c'est-\u00e0-dire sans que la personne qui a subi le dommage ait \u00e0 en prouver le montant devant un juge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"La_lingua_del_contratto\"><\/span>La langue du contrat<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le probl\u00e8me linguistique pr\u00e9occupe ceux qui travaillent sur le plan pratique, car si un contrat est r\u00e9dig\u00e9 en italien et traduit par un traducteur qui n'est pas tr\u00e8s vers\u00e9 dans le domaine juridique, il y a un risque que ce dernier, ne comprenant pas les concepts et les diff\u00e9rences, traduise de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 modifier le sens du texte contractuel.L'importance de l'utilisation de la langue a stimul\u00e9 les contrats internationaux, o\u00f9 l'anglais joue un r\u00f4le majeur, \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper les rem\u00e8des suivants :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>clause de d\u00e9finition<\/strong>Les contrats contiennent une partie, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement au d\u00e9but du contrat, dans laquelle les parties clarifient le sens de certaines expressions qui pourraient donner lieu \u00e0 des doutes d'interpr\u00e9tation ;<\/li><li><strong>clause du texte original<\/strong>les parties identifient la version du contrat dans une langue particuli\u00e8re comme \u00e9tant le seul original.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Le<strong>&nbsp;les cons\u00e9quences<\/strong>&nbsp;sont les suivants : la version originale est la seule version authentique, les autres sont des traductions non autoris\u00e9es, de sorte que si les parties contestent le sens du contrat, le tribunal saisi du litige doit s'appuyer sur la version originale pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D'une mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, le droit commercial international a eu tendance \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper un langage pour \" l'art du commerce \".<em>initi\u00e9s<\/em>\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Au-del\u00e0 des significations attribu\u00e9es aux diff\u00e9rents mots dans les diff\u00e9rents syst\u00e8mes juridiques, le langage du commerce international et du droit commercial international en particulier utilise de plus en plus des termes dont la signification est connue de tous les op\u00e9rateurs, quelle que soit leur nationalit\u00e9.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le choix de la loi applicable au contrat Dans un contrat international, il est essentiel d'inclure une clause d\u00e9finissant la loi r\u00e9gissant le contrat.  Le choix de la loi applicable doit \u00eatre ... <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"Principales clauses d&#039;un contrat international\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/fr\/les-principales-clauses-dun-contrat-international\/#more-11358\" aria-label=\"Plus sur Principales clauses d&#039;un contrat international\">Lire plus<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11365,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"iawp_total_views":432,"footnotes":""},"acf":[],"rankMath":{"parentDomain":"aedic.eu","noFollowDomains":[],"noFollowExcludeDomains":[],"noFollowExternalLinks":true,"featuredImageNotice":"L\u2019image en vedette devrait \u00eatre au moins 200 par 200 pixels pour \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 par Facebook et d\u2019autres sites de m\u00e9dias 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