{"id":14728,"date":"2025-02-18T17:54:40","date_gmt":"2025-02-18T16:54:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/?p=14728"},"modified":"2025-02-09T21:55:42","modified_gmt":"2025-02-09T20:55:42","slug":"mozambico-il-futuro-hub-del-gas-naturale-progetti-sfide-e-opportunita","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/mozambique-the-future-natural-gas-hub-projects-challenges-and-opportunities\/","title":{"rendered":"Mozambique, the Future Natural Gas Hub: Projects, Challenges and Opportunities"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Hydroelectricity: LNG Mozambique - Exploiting Natural Gas to Become a Global Hub<\/strong><br><\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Index<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #1e73be;color:#1e73be\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #1e73be;color:#1e73be\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/mozambique-the-future-natural-gas-hub-projects-challenges-and-opportunities\/#Introduzione\" >Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/mozambique-the-future-natural-gas-hub-projects-challenges-and-opportunities\/#I_Pilastri_del_Sogno_LNG_Mozambicano\" >The Pillars of the Mozambican LNG Dream<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/mozambique-the-future-natural-gas-hub-projects-challenges-and-opportunities\/#1_Coral_South_FLNG_Il_Primo_Successo\" >1. Coral South FLNG: The First Success<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/mozambique-the-future-natural-gas-hub-projects-challenges-and-opportunities\/#2_Mozambique_LNG_di_TotalEnergies_Un_Gigante_in_Attesa\" >2. TotalEnergies' Mozambique LNG: A Giant in Waiting<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/mozambique-the-future-natural-gas-hub-projects-challenges-and-opportunities\/#3_Rovuma_LNG_di_ExxonMobil_ed_Eni_La_Scommessa_da_18_Milioni_di_Tonnellate\" >3. ExxonMobil and Eni's Rovuma LNG: The 18 Million Ton Bet<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/mozambique-the-future-natural-gas-hub-projects-challenges-and-opportunities\/#Impatto_Economico_Tra_Crescita_e_Disuguaglianze\" >Economic Impact: Between Growth and Inequality<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/mozambique-the-future-natural-gas-hub-projects-challenges-and-opportunities\/#Redditi_Colossali_e_Sviluppo_Infrastrutturale\" >Colossal Income and Infrastructure Development<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/mozambique-the-future-natural-gas-hub-projects-challenges-and-opportunities\/#Occupazione_e_Contenuto_Locale\" >Employment and Local Content<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/mozambique-the-future-natural-gas-hub-projects-challenges-and-opportunities\/#Sfide_e_Rischi_LAltro_Volto_della_Medaglia\" >Challenges and Risks: The Other Side of the Medal<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/mozambique-the-future-natural-gas-hub-projects-challenges-and-opportunities\/#1_Sicurezza_nel_Cabo_Delgado\" >1. Security in Cabo Delgado<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/mozambique-the-future-natural-gas-hub-projects-challenges-and-opportunities\/#2_Rischi_Finanziari_e_Ambientali\" >2. Financial and Environmental Risks<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/mozambique-the-future-natural-gas-hub-projects-challenges-and-opportunities\/#3_Volatilita_dei_Mercati_Globali\" >3. Volatility of Global Markets<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/mozambique-the-future-natural-gas-hub-projects-challenges-and-opportunities\/#Collaborazioni_Internazionali_Chi_Guida_il_Gioco\" >International Collaborations: Who's Driving the Game?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/mozambique-the-future-natural-gas-hub-projects-challenges-and-opportunities\/#1_Cina_e_Medio_Oriente_Nuovi_Attori_Dominanti\" >1. China and the Middle East: New Dominant Actors<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/mozambique-the-future-natural-gas-hub-projects-challenges-and-opportunities\/#2_Europa_e_Stati_Uniti_Tra_Investimenti_e_Critiche\" >2. Europe and the United States: Between Investment and Criticism<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/mozambique-the-future-natural-gas-hub-projects-challenges-and-opportunities\/#3_Accordi_Regionali\" >3. Regional Agreements<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/mozambique-the-future-natural-gas-hub-projects-challenges-and-opportunities\/#Prospettive_Future_Verso_un_Mozambico_Sostenibile\" >Future Perspectives: Towards a Sustainable Mozambique?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/mozambique-the-future-natural-gas-hub-projects-challenges-and-opportunities\/#1_Integrazione_con_le_Rinnovabili\" >1. Integration with Renewables<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/mozambique-the-future-natural-gas-hub-projects-challenges-and-opportunities\/#2_Riforme_di_Governance\" >2. Governance Reforms<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/mozambique-the-future-natural-gas-hub-projects-challenges-and-opportunities\/#3_Leadership_Africana\" >3. African Leadership<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/mozambique-the-future-natural-gas-hub-projects-challenges-and-opportunities\/#Conclusione_Un_Bivio_Storico\" >Conclusion: A Historical Crossroads<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"432\" src=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-41.png\" alt=\" LNG Mozambique\" class=\"wp-image-14729\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-41.png 768w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-41-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-41-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduzione\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>With\u00a0<strong>natural gas reserves estimated at over 100 trillion cubic feet (tcf)<\/strong>4, Mozambique is set to become one of the world's leading exporters of liquefied natural gas (LNG), transforming itself into a strategic energy hub for Africa and the world. Despite security challenges, market volatility and the global energy transition, the country is attracting billion-dollar investments from giants such as TotalEnergies, ExxonMobil, Eni and CNOOC, with projects that could generate\u00a0<strong>USD 500 billion in revenue by 2045<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-43-1024x640.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14731\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-43-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-43-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-43-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-43-1536x960.png 1536w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-43-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-43.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>This article explores how Mozambique is harnessing its resources to position itself as a major player in the LNG market, analysing major projects, economic impact, geopolitical risks and future prospects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"I_Pilastri_del_Sogno_LNG_Mozambicano\"><\/span>The Pillars of the Mozambican LNG Dream<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Coral_South_FLNG_Il_Primo_Successo\"><\/span>1.&nbsp;<strong>Coral South FLNG: The First Success<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Operated by Eni, the project\u00a0<strong>Coral South Floating LNG<\/strong>\u00a0became operational in 2022, marking Mozambique's debut as an LNG exporter. With a capacity of\u00a0<strong>3.4 million tonnes per year<\/strong>, this floating facility is the first of its kind in Africa and has already signed long-term supply agreements with BP.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-45-1024x640.png\" alt=\"Coral South FLNG\" class=\"wp-image-14733\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-45-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-45-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-45-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-45-1536x960.png 1536w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-45-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-45.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Innovative technology<\/strong>The FLNG platform avoids the need for onshore infrastructure, reducing security risks in the turbulent province of Cabo Delgado9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Future Expansion<\/strong>: Eni plans to launch\u00a0<strong>Coral North FLNG<\/strong>doubling production by 2027.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Mozambique_LNG_di_TotalEnergies_Un_Gigante_in_Attesa\"><\/span>2.&nbsp;<strong>TotalEnergies' Mozambique LNG: A Giant in Waiting<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>With an initial investment of\u00a0<strong>20 billion<\/strong>TotalEnergies' onshore project in Area 1 of the Rovuma Basin promises a capacity of\u00a0<strong>12.9 million tonnes per year<\/strong>4. However, work has been suspended since 2021 due to the terrorist attacks in Palma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Shooting plans<\/strong>CEO Patrick Pouyanne announced negotiations to reactivate the project by the end of 2025, with 80% funding already confirmed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Local impact<\/strong>: The project will include the construction of schools, hospitals and training programmes for local communities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Rovuma_LNG_di_ExxonMobil_ed_Eni_La_Scommessa_da_18_Milioni_di_Tonnellate\"><\/span>3.&nbsp;<strong>ExxonMobil and Eni's Rovuma LNG: The 18 Million Ton Bet<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>ExxonMobil and Eni aim to achieve the\u00a0<strong>Final Investment Decision (FID)<\/strong>\u00a0in 2025 for their onshore mega-plant in Area 4, which will add\u00a0<strong>18 million tonnes per year<\/strong>\u00a0to Mozambican capacity.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-47-1024x576.png\" alt=\"Rovuma LNG from ExxonMobil and Eni\" class=\"wp-image-14735\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-47-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-47-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-47-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-47-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-47-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-47.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Strategic Collaborations<\/strong>: The consortium includes ADNOC (10%), CNPC (70%) and KOGAS (10%), with Eni responsible for offshore production and ExxonMobil for liquefaction.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Logistical challenges<\/strong>: The construction will require more than 15,000 workers and the expansion of the port of Pemba.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Impatto_Economico_Tra_Crescita_e_Disuguaglianze\"><\/span>Economic Impact: Between Growth and Inequality<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Redditi_Colossali_e_Sviluppo_Infrastrutturale\"><\/span>Colossal Income and Infrastructure Development<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Government revenue<\/strong>: The IMF estimates that Mozambique could collect\u00a0<strong>500 billion by 2045<\/strong>\u00a0from LNG exports, with GDP growth of\u00a0<strong>24% annual<\/strong>\u00a0between 2021 and 2025.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Critical infrastructures<\/strong>: The Project\u00a0<strong>Gas-to-Power Temane<\/strong>operating from January 2025, will produce\u00a0<strong>450 MW<\/strong>\u00a0of electricity, connecting the Pande and Temane fields to Maputo via a 563 km transmission line.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-48.png\" alt=\"Gas-to-Power theme,\" class=\"wp-image-14736\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-48.png 800w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-48-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-48-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-48-16x12.png 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Occupazione_e_Contenuto_Locale\"><\/span>Employment and Local Content<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Jobs<\/strong>: The creation of\u00a0<strong>30,000 direct seats<\/strong>\u00a0in LNG projects, with training programmes for Mozambican engineers and technicians.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Criticalities<\/strong>Only 15% of the current workforce is local, raising concerns about the actual economic impact on communities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sfide_e_Rischi_LAltro_Volto_della_Medaglia\"><\/span>Challenges and Risks: The Other Side of the Medal<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Sicurezza_nel_Cabo_Delgado\"><\/span>1.&nbsp;<strong>Security in Cabo Delgado<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The gas-rich northern province has been the scene of a jihadist insurgency since 2017. Attacks on Palma in 2021 forced TotalEnergies to declare\u00a0<em>force majeure<\/em>delaying projects for years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ongoing solutions<\/strong>: The Mozambican government, with the support of Rwanda and SADC, has intensified military operations, but stabilisation will take time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Rischi_Finanziari_e_Ambientali\"><\/span>2.&nbsp;<strong>Financial and Environmental Risks<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Public Debt<\/strong>: Mozambique's external debt amounts to\u00a0<strong>29.5 billion dollars<\/strong>with 20% linked to energy projects.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Climate impact<\/strong>According to the World Bank, LNG projects could emit\u00a0<strong>4.5 billion tonnes of CO2<\/strong>\u00a0in their life cycle, threatening coastal ecosystems.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Volatilita_dei_Mercati_Globali\"><\/span>3.&nbsp;<strong>Volatility of Global Markets<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Global demand for LNG could fall by\u00a0<strong>30% by 2040<\/strong>\u00a0because of the energy transition, exposing Mozambique to the risk of\u00a0<em>stranded assets<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Collaborazioni_Internazionali_Chi_Guida_il_Gioco\"><\/span>International Collaborations: Who's Driving the Game?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Cina_e_Medio_Oriente_Nuovi_Attori_Dominanti\"><\/span>1.&nbsp;<strong>China and the Middle East: New Dominant Actors<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>CNOOC<\/strong>: The Chinese company acquired five offshore blocks in the Save and Angoche areas, expanding its influence in the upstream sector.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ADNOC<\/strong>: The Emirati company holds 10% in Area 4, aiming to expand its global LNG capacity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"458\" src=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-49.png\" alt=\"ADNOC\" class=\"wp-image-14737\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-49.png 800w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-49-300x172.png 300w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-49-768x440.png 768w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-49-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Europa_e_Stati_Uniti_Tra_Investimenti_e_Critiche\"><\/span>2.&nbsp;<strong>Europe and the United States: Between Investment and Criticism<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>TotalEnergies and Eni<\/strong>European majors lead the most ambitious projects, but are under pressure from high social and environmental costs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ExxonMobil<\/strong>: With the support of the US EXIM Bank, the American company seeks to counter Chinese influence in the Rovuma Basin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Accordi_Regionali\"><\/span>3.&nbsp;<strong>Regional Agreements<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>South Africa<\/strong>: The agreement between PetroSA and ENH for the Temane-Maputo pipeline will guarantee\u00a0<strong>2 PJ of gas per year<\/strong>\u00a0the country, alleviating the energy crisis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prospettive_Future_Verso_un_Mozambico_Sostenibile\"><\/span>Future Perspectives: Towards a Sustainable Mozambique?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Integrazione_con_le_Rinnovabili\"><\/span>1.&nbsp;<strong>Integration with Renewables<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Mozambican government is considering hybrid projects combining LNG and solar, such as the photovoltaic park from\u00a0<strong>100 MW<\/strong>\u00a0planned near the Temane power plant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Riforme_di_Governance\"><\/span>2.&nbsp;<strong>Governance Reforms<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To avoid the&nbsp;<em>resource curse<\/em>the country must:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Strengthen transparency in agreements with multinationals.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Increase the\u00a0<em>local content<\/em>\u00a0in energy contracts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Leadership_Africana\"><\/span>3.&nbsp;<strong>African Leadership<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Mozambique aspires to become the\u00a0<strong>Southern Africa's energy hub<\/strong>connecting the Rovuma fields to markets in South Africa, Zimbabwe and Malawi through regional pipeline networks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusione_Un_Bivio_Storico\"><\/span>Conclusion: A Historical Crossroads<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mozambique stands at a crossroads: on the one hand, the potential to become a global energy power; on the other, the risks of fossil fuel dependency and social instability. The key to success will lie in the ability to balance international interests, social equity and environmental sustainability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Advice for:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Investors<\/strong>Explore funds dedicated to green infrastructure, such as the\u00a0<strong>Global Gateway<\/strong>\u00a0of the EU.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mozambican Government<\/strong>Prioritise agreements that guarantee long-term benefits for local communities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Global Community<\/strong>Support fair transition programmes to integrate LNG and renewables.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hydroelectricity: LNG Mozambique - Exploiting Natural Gas to Become a Global Hub Introduction With natural gas reserves estimated at over 100 trillion cubic feet (tcf)4, Mozambique is set to become one of the world's leading exporters of liquefied natural gas (LNG), transforming itself into a global hub for the world's most important ... <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"Mozambique, the Future Natural Gas Hub: Projects, Challenges and Opportunities\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/mozambique-the-future-natural-gas-hub-projects-challenges-and-opportunities\/#more-14728\" aria-label=\"More on Mozambique, the Future Natural Gas Hub: Projects, Challenges and Opportunities\">Read more<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14735,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"iawp_total_views":487,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[563,562,561,564,565],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14728"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14728"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14728\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14738,"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14728\/revisions\/14738"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14735"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14728"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14728"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14728"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}