{"id":14706,"date":"2025-02-14T15:37:58","date_gmt":"2025-02-14T14:37:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/?p=14706"},"modified":"2025-02-09T21:56:01","modified_gmt":"2025-02-09T20:56:01","slug":"gerd-la-diga-che-divide-e-unisce-egitto-sudan-ed-etiopia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/gerd-the-diga-which-divides-and-unites-egypt-sudan-and-ethiopia\/","title":{"rendered":"GERD: The Dam that Divides and Unites Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Hydropower: The Great Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) and the Challenge of Energy in the Horn of Africa<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Index<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #1e73be;color:#1e73be\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #1e73be;color:#1e73be\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/gerd-the-diga-which-divides-and-unites-egypt-sudan-and-ethiopia\/#Introduzione\" >Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/gerd-the-diga-which-divides-and-unites-egypt-sudan-and-ethiopia\/#Contesto_Storico_Dal_Sogno_Etiope_alla_Realta\" >Historical Context: From Ethiopian Dream to Reality<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/gerd-the-diga-which-divides-and-unites-egypt-sudan-and-ethiopia\/#Le_Origini_del_Progetto\" >The Origins of the Project<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/gerd-the-diga-which-divides-and-unites-egypt-sudan-and-ethiopia\/#Specifiche_Tecniche\" >Technical Specifications<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/gerd-the-diga-which-divides-and-unites-egypt-sudan-and-ethiopia\/#Impatto_Economico_Energia_per_lo_Sviluppo\" >Economic Impact: Energy for Development<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/gerd-the-diga-which-divides-and-unites-egypt-sudan-and-ethiopia\/#Benefici_per_lEtiopia\" >Benefits for Ethiopia<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/gerd-the-diga-which-divides-and-unites-egypt-sudan-and-ethiopia\/#Opportunita_per_Sudan_ed_Egitto\" >Opportunities for Sudan and Egypt<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/gerd-the-diga-which-divides-and-unites-egypt-sudan-and-ethiopia\/#Tensioni_Geopolitiche_Acqua_vs_Sicurezza_Nazionale\" >Geopolitical Tensions: Water vs. National Security<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/gerd-the-diga-which-divides-and-unites-egypt-sudan-and-ethiopia\/#Il_Dilemma_Egiziano\" >The Egyptian Dilemma<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/gerd-the-diga-which-divides-and-unites-egypt-sudan-and-ethiopia\/#Accordi_Falliti_e_Mediazioni\" >Failed Agreements and Mediations<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/gerd-the-diga-which-divides-and-unites-egypt-sudan-and-ethiopia\/#Il_Ruolo_del_Sudan\" >The Role of Sudan<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/gerd-the-diga-which-divides-and-unites-egypt-sudan-and-ethiopia\/#Sfide_Ambientali_e_Soluzioni_Innovative\" >Environmental Challenges and Innovative Solutions<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/gerd-the-diga-which-divides-and-unites-egypt-sudan-and-ethiopia\/#Rischio_Siccita_e_Cambiamenti_Climatici\" >Drought Risk and Climate Change<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/gerd-the-diga-which-divides-and-unites-egypt-sudan-and-ethiopia\/#Strategie_di_Adattamento\" >Adaptation Strategies<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/gerd-the-diga-which-divides-and-unites-egypt-sudan-and-ethiopia\/#Prospettive_Future_Collaborazione_o_Conflitto\" >Future Perspectives: Collaboration or Conflict?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/gerd-the-diga-which-divides-and-unites-egypt-sudan-and-ethiopia\/#Scenario_Ottimistico_Una_Rete_Energetica_Regionale\" >Optimistic Scenario: A Regional Energy Network<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/gerd-the-diga-which-divides-and-unites-egypt-sudan-and-ethiopia\/#Scenario_Critico_Escalation_Militare\" >Critical Scenario: Military Escalation<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/gerd-the-diga-which-divides-and-unites-egypt-sudan-and-ethiopia\/#Un_Bivio_per_il_Corno_dAfrica\" >A Crossroads for the Horn of Africa<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-35-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14718\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-35-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-35-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-35-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-35-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-35-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-35.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduzione\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La\u00a0<strong>Great Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD)<\/strong>with its 6,450 MW of power and a reservoir of 74 billion cubic metres of water, is the most ambitious hydroelectric project in Africa. Built on the Blue Nile, this infrastructure is not only a symbol of progress for Ethiopia, but a geopolitical node involving Egypt and Sudan in a complex game of energy development, water security and international diplomacy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This article explores how the GERD could transform the energy supply of three countries, analysing economic opportunities, diplomatic tensions and environmental challenges. With data updated to 2025, we delve into the role of the dam in the future of the Horn of Africa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Contesto_Storico_Dal_Sogno_Etiope_alla_Realta\"><\/span>Historical Context: From Ethiopian Dream to Reality<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Le_Origini_del_Progetto\"><\/span>The Origins of the Project<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>GERD was established in 2011 as a response to Ethiopia's chronic energy shortage, where only 50% of the population had access to electricity. With an initial cost of USD 4.8 billion, financed through government bonds and donations from the diaspora, the dam aims to double national electricity production, turning Ethiopia into a regional energy hub.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"680\" src=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-36.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14719\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-36.png 1000w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-36-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-36-768x522.png 768w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-36-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:48px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Specifiche_Tecniche\"><\/span>Technical Specifications<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Dimensions<\/strong>155 metres high, 1,780 metres long, 74 km\u00b3 basin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Capacity<\/strong>16,153 GWh\/year, enough to electrify 40 million households.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Builders<\/strong>Italy's Webuild (formerly Salini Impregilo) for the civil infrastructure; turbines supplied by Voith Hydro Shanghai and China Gezhouba Group.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"185\" height=\"182\" src=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-31.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14714\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-31.png 185w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-31-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 185px) 100vw, 185px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"591\" height=\"261\" src=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-32.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14715\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-32.png 591w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-32-300x132.png 300w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-32-18x8.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 591px) 100vw, 591px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-33.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14716\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-33.png 200w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-33-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-33-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Impatto_Economico_Energia_per_lo_Sviluppo\"><\/span>Economic Impact: Energy for Development<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Benefici_per_lEtiopia\"><\/span>Benefits for Ethiopia<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Energy self-sufficiency<\/strong>GERD will cover the needs of 125 million Ethiopians, with surpluses to be exported to Sudan, Kenya and Djibouti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Industrial growth<\/strong>GDP is expected to increase by 10.2% per year, driven by irrigated agriculture and attraction of foreign investment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Opportunita_per_Sudan_ed_Egitto\"><\/span>Opportunities for Sudan and Egypt<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Flood control<\/strong>: In Sudan, the dam will reduce damage from seasonal floods, protecting 2 million hectares of agricultural land.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Low-cost energy<\/strong>Sudan already has agreements to purchase 1,000 MW at a subsidised tariff, while Egypt is considering imports through regional networks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tensioni_Geopolitiche_Acqua_vs_Sicurezza_Nazionale\"><\/span>Geopolitical Tensions: Water vs. National Security<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Il_Dilemma_Egiziano\"><\/span>The Egyptian Dilemma<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Egypt depends on the Nile for 90% of its water resources, with a per capita availability of only 550 m\u00b3\/year, well below the scarcity threshold. The rapid filling of the GERD (3 years according to Ethiopia vs. 7 requested by Egypt) risks reducing the river's flow by 25%, threatening agriculture and social stability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Accordi_Falliti_e_Mediazioni\"><\/span>Failed Agreements and Mediations<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Historical treatises<\/strong>: The 1929 and 1959 agreements, signed with Sudan and Britain, guaranteed Egypt 55.5 km\u00b3 of water annually, but excluded Ethiopia.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>International mediations<\/strong>Mediation attempts by the US, the World Bank and the African Union only produced non-binding agreements. In 2023, the unilateral filling of the dam exacerbated tensions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"684\" src=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-28-1024x684.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14711\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-28-1024x684.png 1024w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-28-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-28-768x513.png 768w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-28-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-28.png 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Il_Ruolo_del_Sudan\"><\/span>The Role of Sudan<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Sudan, initially an ally of Egypt, has veered towards more conciliatory positions with Ethiopia, attracted by the benefits in flood management and access to cheap energy. However, the civil war that broke out in 2023 between the al-Burhan and Hemedti factions risks further destabilising the negotiations.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"656\" height=\"492\" src=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-27.png\" alt=\"al-Burhan and Hemedti\" class=\"wp-image-14710\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-27.png 656w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-27-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-27-16x12.png 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 656px) 100vw, 656px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sfide_Ambientali_e_Soluzioni_Innovative\"><\/span>Environmental Challenges and Innovative Solutions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rischio_Siccita_e_Cambiamenti_Climatici\"><\/span>Drought Risk and Climate Change<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Egypt is already facing a water crisis: Minister Hani Swailem stated that available resources are half of what is needed, with desalination costs rising to USD 0.5\/m\u00b3 4. GERD adds to an already critical picture, with predictions of a 30% loss of agricultural production by 2040 due to global warming.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Strategie_di_Adattamento\"><\/span>Adaptation Strategies<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sustainable agriculture<\/strong>: Projects of\u00a0<em>Climate Smart Agriculture<\/em>\u00a0to reduce water wastage in the 40%.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Desalination<\/strong>The Ain Sokhna plant, financed by Saudi Arabia, will produce 164,000 litres\/day.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"268\" height=\"188\" src=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-26.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14709\" style=\"width:584px;height:auto\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-26.png 268w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-26-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 268px) 100vw, 268px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prospettive_Future_Collaborazione_o_Conflitto\"><\/span>Future Perspectives: Collaboration or Conflict?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Scenario_Ottimistico_Una_Rete_Energetica_Regionale\"><\/span>Optimistic Scenario: A Regional Energy Network<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>GERD could become the pillar of a&nbsp;<strong>pan-African power grid<\/strong>linking Ethiopia, Sudan, Egypt and other countries through the<em>African Continental Power System<\/em>. This would require:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li><strong>Binding agreements<\/strong>\u00a0on water management, under the auspices of the African Union.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Investment in infrastructure<\/strong>\u00a0transnational, such as the 2,000 MW Ethiopia-Sudan-Egypt (ESE) transmission line.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Scenario_Critico_Escalation_Militare\"><\/span>Critical Scenario: Military Escalation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite the peaceful tone, Egyptian President al-Sisi called GERD 'a national security issue' in 2024, hinting at the possibility of military intervention if water flows were compromised.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"690\" height=\"504\" src=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-25.png\" alt=\"Egyptian President al-Sisi \" class=\"wp-image-14708\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-25.png 690w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-25-300x219.png 300w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-25-16x12.png 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Un_Bivio_per_il_Corno_dAfrica\"><\/span>A Crossroads for the Horn of Africa<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>GERD is not just a dam, but a\u00a0<strong>tests for international cooperation<\/strong>. As emphasised by Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed:\u00a0<em>\"The water of the Nile is enough for everyone, if managed wisely\".<\/em>\u00a0. <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"463\" src=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-24.png\" alt=\"Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed\" class=\"wp-image-14707\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-24.png 700w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-24-300x198.png 300w, https:\/\/aedic.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-24-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>For this to happen, they are needed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Transparent dialogue<\/strong>Overcoming historical vetoes and adopting fair-sharing mechanisms.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Green technology<\/strong>: Integrating solutions such as desalination and precision agriculture.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Global support<\/strong>Involving bodies such as the UN and the World Bank in climate mitigation projects.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Advice for:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Investors<\/strong>: Support hybrid projects (hydro + solar) to balance energy production and water security.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Governments<\/strong>Signing a\u00a0<em>Nile Basin Compact<\/em>\u00a0including all 11 countries in the basin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Citizens<\/strong>Promoting awareness-raising campaigns on the responsible use of water.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hydropower: The Great Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) and the Challenge of Energy in the Horn of Africa Introduction The Great Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), with its 6,450 MW of power and a reservoir of 74 billion cubic metres of water, is the most ambitious hydropower project in Africa. Built ... <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"GERD: The Dam that Divides and Unites Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/energy\/gerd-the-diga-which-divides-and-unites-egypt-sudan-and-ethiopia\/#more-14706\" aria-label=\"More on GERD: The Dam that Divides and Unites Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia\">Read more<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14718,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"iawp_total_views":413,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[559,558,556,557,560],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14706"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14706"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14706\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14721,"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14706\/revisions\/14721"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14718"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14706"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14706"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14706"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}