{"id":11421,"date":"2022-02-22T20:32:03","date_gmt":"2022-02-22T19:32:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/?page_id=11421"},"modified":"2024-07-09T19:35:40","modified_gmt":"2024-07-09T17:35:40","slug":"il-circolo-virtuoso-dellinnovazione-altre-forme-di-tutela","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/the-virtuous-circle-of-innovation-other-forms-of-protection\/","title":{"rendered":"The virtuous circle of innovation: other forms of protection"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduzione\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>With reference to the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/uibm.mise.gov.it\/index.php\/it\/disegni-e-modelli\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Italian legislation<\/a>design concerns the appearance of a product or part of it. This appearance may derive from the characteristics of the lines, contours, colours, shape, surface texture and\/or materials of the product and\/or its\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3dzUtw7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">ornament<\/a>. When we speak of a product, we mean any industrial or craft object. This definition also includes components that must be assembled to form a complex product, packaging, presentations,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/euipo.europa.eu\/ohimportal\/it\/design-definition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">graphic symbols and typefaces.<\/a><br>Computer programs are excluded from the definition of product, within the scope of design. With reference to Italian legislation, it is possible to file a multiple application requesting protection for several designs provided that they fall within a single class of the international classification referred to in the 1968 Locarno Agreement. Italian legislation also allows under certain conditions the possibility of cumulating several protections, both with reference to copyright and utility model protection.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Index<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #1e73be;color:#1e73be\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #1e73be;color:#1e73be\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/the-virtuous-circle-of-innovation-other-forms-of-protection\/#Introduzione\" >Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/the-virtuous-circle-of-innovation-other-forms-of-protection\/#I_requisiti_di_registrabilita_in_Italia\" >Registration requirements in Italy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/the-virtuous-circle-of-innovation-other-forms-of-protection\/#Durata\" >Duration<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/the-virtuous-circle-of-innovation-other-forms-of-protection\/#La_protezione_offerta_dal_design_registrato\" >The protection offered by registered design<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/the-virtuous-circle-of-innovation-other-forms-of-protection\/#Le_procedure_di_registrazione_allestero\" >Registration procedures abroad<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/the-virtuous-circle-of-innovation-other-forms-of-protection\/#Design_comunitario_non_registrato\" >Unregistered Community Design<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/the-virtuous-circle-of-innovation-other-forms-of-protection\/#Diritto_dautore\" >Copyright<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/the-virtuous-circle-of-innovation-other-forms-of-protection\/#Proprieta_intellettuale\" >Intellectual Property<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/the-virtuous-circle-of-innovation-other-forms-of-protection\/#Riferimenti_bibliografici_e_web\" >Bibliographic and web references<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"I_requisiti_di_registrabilita_in_Italia\"><\/span>Registration requirements in Italy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To be validly registered, a design must be&nbsp;<strong>new<\/strong>&nbsp;and have&nbsp;<strong>individual character<\/strong>. A design is new if no identical design has been disclosed prior to the date of filing of the application or, if priority is claimed, prior to the date of the application.&nbsp;<br>To assess the<strong>identity<\/strong>&nbsp;the characteristics of a design must be compared with each design disclosed earlier. The two designs are considered identical if their features differ only in irrelevant details.<br>A design has<strong>&nbsp;character<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;individual<\/strong>&nbsp;if the overall impression created in the informed user differs from the overall impression created in that user by any design that has been disclosed before the date of filing of the application for registration or, if priority is claimed, before the date of the application for registration. In ascertaining individual character, consideration shall be given to the degree of freedom enjoyed by the designer in realising the design.<br>For the purposes of assessing novelty and individual character, any disclosure made by the applicant himself in the 12 months preceding the filing of the application shall be disregarded. Furthermore, disclosures are relevant if they are such as to make the design reasonably well known in the specialised circles of the sector concerned, operating in the Community, in the normal course of business.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Durata\"><\/span>Duration<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Registration for&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/euipo.europa.eu\/ohimportal\/it\/what-can-be-a-registered-community-design\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">designs<\/a>&nbsp;is granted, in Italy, for&nbsp;<strong>5 years<\/strong>&nbsp;from the date of filing of the application, but the duration of protection may be extended for successive five-year periods up to a maximum of&nbsp;<strong>25 years<\/strong>&nbsp;from the submission of the application for registration.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"La_protezione_offerta_dal_design_registrato\"><\/span>The protection offered by registered design<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The registration of a design confers on the holder the exclusive right to use it and to prohibit third parties from using it without his consent. Acts of use include in particular the making, offering, marketing, importing, exporting or using of a product in which the design is incorporated or to which it is applied, or the stocking of such a product for those purposes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The exclusive rights conferred by a design registration extend to any design that does not produce on the informed user a different overall impression. In determining the scope of protection, account shall be taken of the freedom of the designer in realising the design.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Le_procedure_di_registrazione_allestero\"><\/span>Registration procedures abroad<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Many states recognise and protect designs. However, the various legislations may differ substantially from one another. EC Regulation No. 6\/2002 introduced the so-called design or&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/euipo.europa.eu\/ohimportal\/it\/community-design-legal-texts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">community design<\/a>.<br>With a single deposit at the<strong>EUIPO (European Union Intellectual Property Office)<\/strong>&nbsp;of Alicante (Spain) it is possible to register a design that has effect in all the countries of the European Union.<br>Italian law and the Community Design Regulations provide for very similar protection extended to the territory of Italy and the territory of the European Union respectively.<br>The Community design must also be new and have individual character to be registered and, like the Italian registration, has a duration of 5 years from the date of filing of the application, extendable up to a maximum of 25 years.<br>Starting with an application for registration in Italy and\/or as a Community design, it is possible to extend protection abroad within 6 months from the date of first filing by taking advantage of the priority claim.<br>Each state has specific formal and substantive requirements that also differ widely. For instance, only a few foreign states offer the possibility of a multiple application and, if it is provided for, the conditions may vary significantly from state to state. To access guardianship abroad it is also possible to go through the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wipo.int\/hague\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">international registration<\/a>&nbsp;according to which it is possible to file a single application with the O.M.P.I. in Geneva designating the Contracting States of interest in which to obtain the same protection as if the design had been filed directly in each individual State. It is possible to designate the European Union as part of an international registration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Design_comunitario_non_registrato\"><\/span>Unregistered Community Design<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Designs are protectable in the European Union&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/euipo.europa.eu\/ohimportal\/it\/unregistered-community-design\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">unregistered Community<\/a>. No administrative formalities are necessary and they must meet the same requirements as registered Community Designs. In this case, the period of protection is limited to three years from the date of first disclosure. In this case, protection is also limited to infringement resulting from copying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diritto_dautore\"><\/span>Copyright<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>What is protectable by copyright?<\/strong><br>So-called 'intellectual works' of a creative nature belonging to literature, music, figurative arts, architecture, industrial design, theatre and cinematography, whatever their mode or form of expression, are protected by copyright law.<br><strong>Deposit and registration of intellectual works<\/strong><br>The deposit and registration of intellectual works are not acts constituting copyright since the original title of the acquisition of copyright is determined by the creation of the work. However, registration with the competent Offices and\/or Authorities constitutes proof of the authorship of the work and, possibly, of its publication.<br><strong>Design protection<\/strong><br>In addition to the possibility of protecting the appearance of a product by registering a design or model, in some cases in Italy it is possible to access protection through the Copyright Law. In this case, rights of economic use last for the author's entire life and until the end of the 70th calendar year after his death or after the death of the last of the co-authors.<br><strong>Software protection<\/strong><br>Software is protected under the copyright law as a literary work. Protection extends to any software in any form as long as it is original. Excluded from the protection granted by the Copyright Act are the ideas and principles underlying any element of a piece of software, including those underlying its interfaces. Protection of software arises automatically with its creation but it may be advantageous to fix a date with certainty, for example, by registering with the public register for software established at the SIAE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Proprieta_intellettuale\"><\/span>Intellectual Property<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The term intellectual property refers to rights aimed at protecting creative activity, such as trade marks, patents for industrial inventions or utility models, copyright and design. Intellectual property thus encompasses both industrial law and copyright.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Each right plays an important role, but what is most important is the synergetic use of finite-life rights, mainly patents and designs, and theoretically infinite-life rights, such as trademarks, which creates a sort of self-sustaining innovation flywheel and is viewed very favourably by&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3dim2K9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">possible<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.epo.org\/news-events\/news\/2019\/20190521.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">investors<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Riferimenti_bibliografici_e_web\"><\/span>Bibliographic and web references<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bibliography<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Galli, Gambino (ed.), Commented Code of Industrial and Intellectual Property (Utet Giuridica, 2011)<\/li><li>Ubertazzi, Commentario breve alle leggi su propriet\u00e0 intellettuale e concorrenza (ed. CEDAM, 2019)<\/li><li>Vanzetti, Di Cataldo, Handbook of Industrial Law (ed. Giuffr\u00e8, 2018)<\/li><li>Vanzetti (ed.), Industrial Property Code (ed. Giuffr\u00e8, 2013)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sitography<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Ministry of Economic Development<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/uibm.mise.gov.it\/index.php\/it\/brevetti\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Patents<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/uibm.mise.gov.it\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Patents and Software<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/uibm.mise.gov.it\/index.php\/it\/brevetti\/brevetto-europeo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">European Patent<\/a><\/li><li>International Classification of Products and Services<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/uibm.mise.gov.it\/index.php\/it\/disegni-e-modelli\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Drawings and models<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/uibm.mise.gov.it\/index.php\/it\/brevetti\/domande-internazionali-di-brevetto-pct\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">International Patent Applications (PCT)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/uibm.mise.gov.it\/index.php\/it\/normativa-pi\/leggi-e-decreti\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Laws and Decrees<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/uibm.mise.gov.it\/index.php\/it\/marchi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Brands<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>European Patent Office<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.epo.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Assessing patentability requirements<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/e-courses.epo.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">E-learning centre<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/worldwide.espacenet.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Espacenet<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>EPO - EspacenetPatent search<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.epo.org\/applying\/european\/Guide-for-applicants\/html\/e\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">European Patent Guide<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/e-courses.epo.org\/enrol\/index.php?id=70\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Introduction to the European patent system<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/e-courses.epo.org\/course\/view.php?id=58\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Problem-solution approach: Exercises<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>World Intellectual Property Organisation<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wipo.int\/treaties\/en\/registration\/pct\/summary_pct.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Summary of the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) (1970)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wipo.int\/tradesecrets\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Trade Secrets<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wipo.int\/patents\/en\/topics\/utility_models.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Utility models<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/euipo.europa.eu\/ohimportal\/it\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">EUIPO - European Union Intellectual Property Office<\/a><\/li><\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction With reference to Italian law, design concerns the appearance of a product or a part of it. Such appearance may result from the characteristics of the product's lines, contours, colours, shape, surface texture and\/or materials and\/or its ornamentation. When referring to a product ... <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"The virtuous circle of innovation: other forms of protection\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/aedic.eu\/en\/the-virtuous-circle-of-innovation-other-forms-of-protection\/#more-11421\" aria-label=\"More on The virtuous circle of innovation: other forms of protection\">Read more<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"iawp_total_views":22,"footnotes":""},"acf":[],"rankMath":{"parentDomain":"aedic.eu","noFollowDomains":[],"noFollowExcludeDomains":[],"noFollowExternalLinks":true,"featuredImageNotice":"The featured image should be at least 200 by 200 pixels to be picked up by Facebook and other social media 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